Imperialism
What is a colony?
A country or a territory governed internally by a foreign power
This was the only African country to not be colonized during the age of imperialism
What is Ethiopia
What is the Berlin Conference? What was its aim?
The meeting in Berlin, Germany that effectively divided Africa under European control. Its aim was to keep European nations from fighting over colonies and territory in Africa.
What European nation held the most sway over the Chinese during the nineteenth century?
Great Britain (U.K.)
What is civil disobedience?
When a citizen refuses to obey certain laws, demands, or instructions from a government; must be nonviolent
Name at least 3 imperializing countries who were involved in the Berlin Conference.
Ex. France, Belgium, Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Denmark, Netherlands, Russia
Define nationalism. How does it relate to the Age of Imperialism?
Nationalism: the belief that one's greatest loyalty should be to one's country; an intense pride in one's language and culture.
Colonies were seen as representing a nation's power; in competing with other nations to prove themselves to be the best, European nations competed to have control of the most colonies.
What country/king colonized the Congo initially?
- King Leopold II (owned colony as a private citizen).
What drug did the British start smuggling into the Qing Empire
Opium
Why did Britain refer to India as the "Jewel in the Crown"?
India was the most valuable colony due to its large populations, large markets, and abundance of raw materials/natural resources.
Define imperialism
When a less-developed country is controlled by a stronger country, politically & economically.
What is Social Darwinism?
The idea that those who were fittest for survival enjoyed wealth and success and should be considered superior to others. The need to "civilize" less-developed regions (White Man's Burden).
What is Leopold historically known for in regards to the Congo?
Mass casualties, brutality; 10 million dead
Name Four countries that had spheres of influence in China (other than Britain)
France
Russia
Japan
Germany
America
Who managed India on behalf of the monarchy before the Sepoy Rebellion?
British East India Company
How did the Industrial Revolution influence imperialism?
The Industrial Revolution allowed for more products to be made at a faster pace. This meant excess goods were produced that needed to be sold in new markets (outside of the country). It also meant that to keep production up, raw materials needed to be acquired. Through imperialism, industrialized nations sought to expand into new markets to sell their products into non-industrialized nations and to acquire raw materials from them.
Give 2 motives that European powers sought to extend their influence over other countries during the Age of Imperialism.
- Economic reasons: looking for new markets, need for raw materials
- Political reasons: nationalism (competition between nations), military needs (bases/refueling stations for navy)
- Ideological: belief in European superiority/Social Darwinism, religion
- Religious: to spread Christianity
- Exploratory: to explore and expand
How were imperialist nations eventually able to colonize regions in Africa? Give at least 2 examples of technological advancements.
Technological Advancements:
- Medicine (Quinine, anti-malaria medication)
- Weapons: ex. maxim (machine) gun, cannons
- Transportation: ex. steamboats, railroads
- Bessemer Processer: steel production
This was the Chinese uprising in 1900 against foreigners including Christian missionaries.
What was the Boxer Rebellion?
What was the immediate cause of the Sepoy Rebellion?
Word spread that rifle cartridges were greased with pig and cow fat, which violated sepoys' religious beliefs.
Define White Man's Burden.
The idea that white people are more 'civilized' than people of color, and so they have a responsibility to 'uplift' them.
Explain how Imperialism led to rise of Nationalism in colonized territories
- gave countries a common enemy
- groups began to link together on a shared national identity rather than a tribal one
-They wanted to fight against foreign European influence
How did imperialism impact Africa and the African people over time?
Industries did not develop
African countries still struggle with poverty today
African countries continue to be exploited
Africans were told to copy European culture, so they lost their own
This Treaty ended the First Opium War and ceded this territory to Britain
Treaty of Nanking
Hong Kong
What is the name of the rebellion led by Indian military members against the British East India company to demonstrate anger towards treatment of Indians by British soldiers and imperialism?
The Sepoy Rebellion/Mutiny