AGE OF IMPERIALISM
The Boxer Rebellion of 1900 was an attempt to remove
The Europeans from China
What were the long-term, short-term and immediate causes of WWI?
Long-term: MAIN
Short-term: Morocco Crisis, Bosnia Crisis
Immediate: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Russia's first parliament
Duma
Which country was forced to assume sole responsibility for the war under the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany
What is trench foot?
a medical condition caused by prolonged exposure of the feet to damp, unsanitary, and cold conditions
What policy was designed to provide trade access to China for European powers?
List two reasons America entered the war.
Zimmerman telegraph and unrestricted submarine warfare (bombing of the passenger ship RMS Lusitania)
Crazy Siberian monk that Russian people did not like
Grigori Rasputin
Why was the Treaty of Versailles a BRAT to Germany?
Blamed Germany for causing the war.
Reparations - Made Germany pay lots of money $$$
Arms limited - Made Germany limit their army and navy significantly
Territory losses - Made Germany lose lots of territory
Which nation lost the most troops at the end of WWI?
Russia
King Leopold hired Henry Stanley to explore the Congo and fuel interest in Central Africa. How did King Leopold treat his new colony?
Very harshly and brutally
What caused the 1915 Armenian genocide?
Armenians were blamed as a scapegoat for the Ottoman Empire losing the war.
What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
Ended Russia's participation in World War I
Why were Wilson’s expectations of the Peace Settlement of 1919–20 different from those of Clemenceau?
France had made a greater sacrifice during the War than the USA and Clemenceau realized there was a national desire for revenge against Germany. Wilson took a more detached view of the peace proceedings because America had only been in the War for just over a year and no American territory had been invaded and casualties were relatively light. He wanted to create the 14 points and League of Nations.
What were the Dreadnought and Panther?
They were gunboats. German gunboat SMS Panther arrived at the port of Agadir sparking the 2nd Moroccan Crisis.
What was the Sepoy Rebellion (Mutiny)?
pork and cow fat on rifle cartridges angered the Muslim and Hindu sepoys who rebelled against the British
Who were the Central Powers? Who were the Allies?
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
Allies: UK, Russia, France (later USA and Italy)
What were three key events that lead to the Russian Revolution?
Russo-Japanese War, rapid industrialization, Bloody Sunday, Russian involvement in WWI, weak leadership of Czar Nicholas II, Bolsheviks support from peasants
Who was to blame for causing WWI? Provide 4 reasons why your chosen country is to blame for starting WWI?
Germany - Declared war on Russia who didn't do anything yet.
Austria-Hungary - Declared war on AH, dragging Germany in the conflict.
Serbia - Black Hand assassinated Archduke.
UK - Morocco Crisis, didn't support Germany to have colonies.
France - Morocco Crisis, didn't support Germany to have colonies.
Russia - Mobilized troops along Germany's border.
What 10 new countries formed in Europe after WWI?
Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Poland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Turkey, Soviet Union
Why did European nations take part in a “Scramble for Africa” in the period from 1871 to 1900? List at least 4 reasons.
1) Needed African resources to fuel the Industrial Revolution. Modern weapons and technology to exploit and control the people and resources.
2) Nationalism as they wanted to expand their empires.
3) Spread Christian religious ideas.
4) Thought they were racially and socially superior due to Social Darwinism. They were paternalistic and thought they had a responsibility to "educate" and "civilize" the Africans (white man's burden).
What series of events lead to WWI?
1) Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
2) Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
3) Russia mobilizes troops on German and AH border in support of Serbia
4) Germany declares war on Russia and activates Schlieffen Plan and attacks France (ally of Russia)
5) Germany invades Belgium on the way to France, triggering UK to to declare war on Germany
What is an economic system in which all means of production are owned by the people (such as land, mines, railroads, factories, schools, hospitals, etc.) and private property does not exist. Everything must be shared equally.
Communism
‘The Treaty of Versailles was a fair settlement.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.
Reasons for: Firstly, Germany territorial looses in 1919 were small compared to the alterations a German victory would have brought. France and Belgium were completely destroyed, so it makes sense Germany has to pay up. League of Nations was set up to restore peace and stability. Small states (e.g. Belgium) and powerful ones were treated equally.
Reasons against: The war guilt clause was seen unfair because blame was not shared and in fact, we all know that they weren’t the only ones that started the war. Germany had to pay lots of money it didn't even have. Germany and the other losers were not allowed to join the League of Nations and as a result, they felt insulted by not being invited to form it. It was a diktat, meaning it was a treaty imposed on Germany in which they were not allowed to negotiate.
What was the first trench warfare battle?
Battle of the Marne