Unit 1
Physical geography
study of features like landforms, plants, animals, soil, and climate
Crude Death Rate
the number of deaths in a given year per 1,000 people in a population
Artifacts
an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest
Shatterbelt
a region where states join and break up because of conflicts and because they are caught between the interests of more powerful outside states
Transhumance
seasonal movement of livestock and people for access to resources
Node
The central focal point a functional region is organized around
Total Fertility Rate
the average number of children one woman in a region will have (ages 15 to 49)
Sociofacts
Menifacts
Structures and oraganizations that influence social behavior, governments, schools, and family roles
The central enduring elements that reflect its shared ideas, values, knowledge and beliefs
Sovereignty
The ability to stand alone politically and economically and be recognized as independent.
Friction of Distance
the idea that distance requires effort and/or energy to overcome.
Site and Situation
A places: absolute location, climate, landforms, and resources
a place’s connection to other places such as transportation routes, political, economic, and cultural ties.
Gravity model
measuring the level of interaction between places based on their size and distance from eachother
Cultural Relativism
The evaluation of a culture by its own standards
Devolution
The movement of power from the central government to regional governments or breakup of a large state into several independent ones
Circular migration
Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis.
Relative and absolute location
Relative location refers to the position of a place or entity based on its location with respect to other locations
Absolute location: Position on Earth's surface using the coordinate system of longitude (that runs from North to South Pole) and latitude (that runs parallel to the equator)
Demographic transition model
Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is based on historical population trends of two demographic characteristics – birth rate and death rate – to suggest that a country's total population growth rate cycles through stages as that country develops economically.
Ethnocentrism
The belief that ones own cultural group is superior
Nation State
A state (country) made up almost of only one ethnic group or nation.
Refugees
people who are being forced to leave their homes due to persecution or material hardship within their society
World system theory
divides the world into three groups based on political power, social standing, and development.
Epidemiology transition model
The epidemiologic transition describes changing patterns of population distributions in relation to changing patterns of mortality, fertility, life expectancy, and leading causes of death
Religion
A system of spiritual beliefs that help form cultural perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and values
Stateless Nation
Multinational State
A nation (ethnic group) without its own official territory. They are often refugees. :(
A state that has many nations that are legally separated in their borders.
emigration
process of leaving your country in order to settle in another country permanently