Pressures & Mechanics
This pressure gradient moves air into and out of the lungs during breathing.
What is transairway pressure (Pₜₐ)
A ventilator is best described as a machine that performs this function.
What is some portion of the work of breathing
In this mode, tidal volume is set and pressure varies with lung mechanics.
What is volume-controlled ventilation (VCV)
In PRVC, the first breath is delivered using this control method.
What is volume control
In pressure control ventilation, inspiratory flow always has this pattern.
What is decelerating flow
This pressure represents the total pressure needed to expand the lungs and chest wall.
What is transthoracic pressure (P𝑤)
Ventilators are powered by these two energy sources.
What are electrical energy and compressed gas
In this mode, pressure is set and tidal volume varies with compliance and resistance.
What is pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV)
VSV is best described as pressure support with this added feature.
What is a volume target
This waveform displays the relationship between pressure and volume but not time.
What is a pressure–volume loop
This pressure helps keep alveoli open and prevents collapse.
What is transpulmonary pressure (Pᴸ)
This ventilator component converts input power into useful work.
What is the drive mechanism
In this mode, the patient triggers all breaths and receives preset inspiratory pressure.
What is pressure support ventilation (PSV)
APRV uses two pressure levels referred to by these names.
What are P-high and P-low
Beaking on a pressure–volume loop indicates this complication.
What is alveolar overdistention
Normally, intrapleural pressure is this relative to atmospheric pressure.
What is negative
This circuit connects the ventilator to the patient’s artificial airway.
What is the patient circuit
This mode delivers mandatory breaths but allows spontaneous breathing between them.
What is SIMV
This APRV setting represents the prolonged time spent at high pressure.
What is T-high
Auto-PEEP most commonly results from this ventilator problem.
What is insufficient expiratory time
This lung property describes the change in volume that occurs when pressure is applied.
What is compliance
This variable is calculated as respiratory rate multiplied by tidal volume
What is minute ventilation
This spontaneous mode improves oxygenation but does not increase minute ventilation.
What is CPAP
In APRV, CO₂ removal primarily occurs during this phase.
What is the release phase (T-low)
This maneuver is used to detect intrinsic PEEP.
What is an expiratory hold maneuver
This law explains gas diffusion across the alveolar–capillary membrane
What is Fick’s law of diffusion
Oxygen delivery (DO₂) is determined by arterial oxygen content multiplied by this variable.
What is cardiac output
PRVC adjusts inspiratory pressure breath-by-breath to guarantee this variable.
What is tidal volume
The primary acute indication for NIV with BiPAP is this condition
What is hypercapnic respiratory failure due to COPD
PPV tends to worsen V/Q matching by ventilating these lung regions more.
What are nondependent lung regions