Sick Signal Phrases
What do signal phrases do? (2)
Let the reader know that you are about to cite from an outside source.
Briefly indicate the name or nature of the source.
Why doesn't "citing" always mean "quoting"?
Because paraphrasing also needs to be cited.
What's wrong with this example?
A text message was revealed among staff that read: "science class is boring tbh humanities is way better lol slay." (Sharma 2022).
No . after slay
What does APA really stand for?
American Psychology Association
What's wrong with this example?
According to Gaumont (2022), "I really wish I had joined the circus instead of becoming a teacher" (Gaumont, 2022).
Author is repeated twice
Why would we choose to paraphrase instead of quote something?
To condense the idea into fewer words
What's wrong with this example?
Burdett, (2022), goes on to explain that "the new punishment for not plugging in laptops in the laptop cart is life in prison without parole" which has been approved by the United Nations as a suitable punishment.
Burdett (2022) goes on to explain that "the new punishment for not plugging in laptops in the laptop cart is life in prison without parole," which has been approved by the United Nations as a suitable punishment.
Where do page numbers appear in an essay?
In the top right header
What's wrong with this example?
"I really wish Mme. Gaumont had joined the circus instead of becoming a teacher" (Burdett, 2022).
No signal phrase
Paraphrase this into 12 words or less.
It is undeniable that cats are way better than dogs. Cats can lick themselves clean, and they make little to no messes whereas dogs slobber everywhere and need to be given a bath. Dogs also take forever to train and have a shorter life expectancy than cats while cats take less time to train and will be around longer.
Cats are cleaner, are easier to train and live longer than dogs.
What's wrong with this example?
A popular YouTuber known only as "Dream" recently revealed his face for the first time. After receiving backlash online for his looks, he said he was surprised because "you look like that and you're calling me ugly?" (2022) "That's so ironic bro."(2022)
A popular YouTuber known only as "Dream" recently revealed his face for the first time. After receiving backlash online for his looks, Dream (2022) said he was surprised because "you look like that and you're calling me ugly? That's so ironic bro."
What is "et al" and how many authors does it take to use it?
Short form after the first author, 3 authors or more
What would be an appropriate signal phrase for this example?
_____________ "French is just an elective, who cares!" (Gaumont, 2022).
Ex: French teachers' mental states have been deteriorating, with one recently stating that
Paraphrase the debate below giving both sides in 11 words or less.
Proponents of charter schools argue that public schools have too little flexibility to meet the needs of students. Public schools are seen as bound by excessive regulations stemming from provincial laws, school district policies and union contracts. Consequently, advocates suggest that public schools are unresponsive to the demands of parents and are places where innovative educational practices are difficult to achieve. Proponents say that uniformity of public schools is a detriment to the quality of students' education and that more choices of programs and competition among schools are needed so that ineffective schools are closed.
Public schools are more regulated, but charter schools offer more choice.
What's wrong with this example?
In "The Makings of a Madman" Burdett (2022) writes of his traumatizing experience teaching at SAIL, detailing his experiences of "constant bullying, mostly at the hands of Ms. Chuah". Authorities have been trying to locate this mysterious "Ms. Chuah", but efforts have been delayed by "obnoxious, and quite frankly, off-putting, emotional outbursts by the victim." (Hayes, 2022).
In "The Makings of a Madman" Burdett (2022) writes of his traumatizing experience teaching at SAIL, detailing his experiences of "constant bullying, mostly at the hands of Ms. Chuah." Authorities have been trying to locate this mysterious "Ms. Chuah," but efforts have been delayed by "obnoxious, and quite frankly, off-putting, emotional outbursts by the victim" (Hayes, 2022).
Do in-text citations to paraphrased text need to provide page/paragraph numbers?
No, but technically you can
Create a good in-text citation with the following information (must be typed out):
Source: Elon Musk in 2022
Topic: Electric Cars
Fact from source: Teslas are more expensive than other electric cars
Ex:
Paraphrase the difference between climate change and global warming in 14 words or less.
Global warming has presented another issue called climate change. Sometimes these phrases are used interchangeably, however, they are different. Climate change refers to changes in weather patterns and growing seasons around the world. It also refers to sea level rise caused by the expansion of warmer seas and melting ice sheets and glaciers. Global warming causes climate change, which poses a serious threat to life on earth in the forms of widespread flooding and extreme weather. Scientists continue to study global warming and its impact on Earth.
Climate change focuses on changes in weather and sea levels instead of just temperature.
Add all correct punctuation to this example:
In a landmark decision in the Surrey School District it was declared that "all grade 8 students will fail their courses due to body odour issues (Burdett 2022) Despite not all students having body odour "it's like most of them anyways so whatever" (Burdett 2022)
In a landmark decision in the Surrey School District, it was declared that "all grade 8 students will fail their courses due to body odour issues" (Burdett 2022). Despite not all students having body odour, "it's like most of them anyways so whatever" (Burdett 2022).
Which ones are correct/incorrectly cited in APA?
In “A Scientifically Proven Trick for Remembering Pretty Much Anything” Brittney Wong (2019) writes that drawing reminders to yourself is “more effective than writing and rewriting notes, visualization exercises and passively looking at images” (p. 43).
Wong (2019) explains the practical need for tools to enhance memory. “As people age, the ability to retain new information slips because of the deterioration of critical brain structures involved in memory, including the hippocampus and frontal lobes.(p. 44)”
“But drawing calls upon regions of the brain involved in visual perceptual processing ― regions that show relatively less deterioration than areas involved in processing verbal information” (Wong).
Wong (2019, p. 44) concludes the article that the common belief in the value of taking notes and later re-copying them as a study habit for students should be adjusted to acknowledge the power of drawing as the most efficient and effective way to “get test information to stick.”
Wong cites researcher Melissa Meade in her article. “Meade said she thinks that drawing leads to better memory compared with other study techniques because it incorporates multiple ways of representing the information — visual, spatial, verbal, semantic and motoric.” (p. 45).
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