Bone to pick
What are the bones of the pelvis?
Ischium, Ilium, pubis
What are the spinal levels of obturator internus?
L5, S1, S2
When is the gluteus maximus active during the walking gait?
Initial contact and loading phase
Derive the primary blood supply of the gluteus maximus muscle back to the abdominal aorta through the anterior trunk. Assume it is the inferior gluteal artery.
Glute max, inferior gluteal artery, anterior trunk, internal iliac, common iliac, abdominal aorta
What are the spinal levels of the genitofemoral nerve?
L1 and L2
True or False: the fibrous joint capsule of the hip joint reflects back on itself.
False, the synovial membrane reflects back on itself
True or False: both anterior and posterior rami contribute nerve fibers to the lumbosacral plexus
False, somatic fibers come from the anterior rami
True or False: Sartorius is active during normal walking gate.
False, sartorius is only active during nonoptimal walking patterns
What kind of tissue is blood?
Fluid connective tissue
Which spinal level(s) innervate(s) obturator internus?
L5, S1
True or False: Elastic cartilage may act as a secondary shock absorber in primary weight-bearing joints
False, only found in the head ex. epiglottis
True or False: the lumbar plexus is composed of nerves ONLY from spinal levels L1 to L3.
False, T12 and superior L4 can contribute to the lumbar plexus
When is potential energy at its max
mid stance
Where do the common iliac arteries bifurcate?
Sacroiliac joint
What are the spinal levels that innervate gemellus inferior?
L5, S1
True or False: Hyaline cartilage covers the entire surface of the hip joint
False, hyaline is only found on the lunate surface, the acetabular notch/fossa isn't
True or false: in general, the superior and inferior gluteal nerves enter the gluteal region inferior to piriformis.
False, superior gluteal nerve enters superior to piriformis. Inferior gluteal nerve enters inferior to piriformis
When is the TFL active during the walking gait and what action is it performing?
Initial contact, loading phase, midstance, terminal stance
True or False: Muscles have anastomoses around them to provide multiple blood flow paths
True, these anastomoses allow for blood to still reach muscle even if one path gets cut off
What are the two major branches of the sciatic nerve and what are their respective spinal levels?
Tibial: L4-S3
Common fibular: L4-S2
Mechanical advantages of the shape of the pelvis
1) increases stability by lower center of gravity
2) increases effectiveness of muscles
At which spinal levels do sympathetic fibers leave the CNS?
T1-L2
List five mechanisms that increase the efficiency of the human gait, the associated anatomy and how that anatomy functions in its energy-saving role
1) Lateral pelvic tilting: prevent drop of swing leg
2) Transverse pelvic tilting: elongate stride
3) Valgus knee: keep feet close to midline
4) Knee flexion: prevent overvaulting
5) Glute max: Prvent flexion of trunk
If the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery were completely blocked, which gluteal muscles would lose their primary arterial supply?
Piriformis, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, obturator internus, part of gluteus maximus, quadratus femoris
Which muscles would be affected if the genitofemoral nerve was severed?
None: it is a sensory nerve of the anteromedial thigh