Define it!
The use of electricity to break a molecule down into smaller units.
Electrolysis
Peer review can help scientists find sources of experimental error or confirm original results.
True
Water molecules have a higher boiling point for this reason.
It takes a lot more energy (or heat) to break hydrogen bonds.
Atoms have balanced electrical charges. When an atom loses or gains electrons, it has unbalanced electrical charges and becomes this.
An ion (it has a slightly positive or negative charge)
Name at least one source of experimental error.
Experimenter, error-producing procedures, OR unexpected variables
A formula by which you can understand the chemical makeup of any substance.
Chemical formula
A chemical bond is made up of shared electrons and links atoms into molecules.
True
The chemical formula for baking soda is NaHCO3. One molecule of baking soda has this many atoms.
6 (1 sodium, 1 hydrogen, 1 carbon, 3 oxygen)
Compounds of atoms which do not have balanced electrical charges.
Ionic Compounds
Water is a liquid at room temperature and has cohesion due to this.
Hydrogen bonding
A molecule that has slight positive and negative charges due to an imbalance in the way electrons are shared.
Polar molecule
A hydrogen bond is weaker than a chemical bond and links molecules together.
True (and it always involves oxygen, too)
The chemical formula of a substance with 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms.
C6H12O6
How many atoms are in a hydrogen peroxide molecule? The chemical formula is H2O2.
Four
Water is harder in certain regions of the world (like here) than others because of this.
The higher amount of metal-containing substances in those regions. Dissolved metal ions cause hard water.
A molecule that shares electrons equally.
Nonpolar molecule
Surface tension is caused by heat.
False (it is caused by cohesion)
This happens when individual molecules are so strongly attracted to each other that they tend to stay together, even when exposed to tension.
Cohesion
This type of water has dissolved ions in it – predominantly calcium and magnesium ions.
Hard water
Substances made of this type of molecule can only dissolve other substances made of the same type of molecule.
Nonpolar molecules
(1) A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances. AND (2) A substance that is dissolved in it. Together they make a solution.
(1) Solvent AND (2) Solute
Molecules like water (H2O) with two hydrogen atoms but a different third atom are also liquids.
False (they are gases)
Name something that water dissolved in any of our experiments. These will be ionic compounds or polar molecules.
Salt (ionic compound), sugar (polar molecule), baking soda (ionic compound)
People can remove hard water’s calcium and magnesium ions with this neutralizing process.
“ion exchange” which usually replaces them with sodium ions
Substances can dissolve each other if they are made of either (1) this type of altered atom or (2) this type of molecule.
(1) ions or (2) polar molecules