0-3
Age that children say first word (on average!)
11-13 months
When in the human lifespan is the brain MOST able to change in response to experieince?
early childhood! (see graph)
What are 3 examples of "adversity" that negatively affect children's development?
Poverty
Racism
Abuse and Neglect
Prenatal exposure to drugs/alcohol
Malnutrition
Definition of school readiness
Children possessing the skills, knowledge, and attitudes necessary for success in school and for later learning and life (physical, cognitive, social-emotional)
AND
Schools are ready for children.
Age that "no" becomes favorite word
15-16 months
3 common language goals for preschoolers
- expand vocabulary on academic concepts (colors, numbers, letters)
- early literacy: identify letters, write name
- social communication: asking for help, problem solving, communicating with peers
Why do these two 3-year-old brains look different?
Severe neglect - smaller brain and abnormal development in the cortex
Name 3 academic concepts preschoolers are working on
Colors, shapes, numbers, textures, letters, positions, sizes
Age to say "please" and "thank you"
18 months
Age that can follow 3-step direction
5
Ongoing activation of the stress response system can lead to impairments in...
learning, memory, and the ability to regulate certain stress responses
Name 3 BEHAVIORS that will help children succeed in the classroom
Focus/concentration, persistence, trying again, listening, problem solving, working hard, independence, patience,
Half of speech can be understood
24 months
% of time that preschoolers listen/follow directions
70-80%
What is the benefit of positive experiences and environments for children who have experienced trauma or toxic stress?
Can compensate to some degree for the negative consequences
-improvements in cognition, memory, and attention
Describe how to use reading time to help build language skills
- open ended questions
- define new vocabulary
- point and gesture
- connect to child experience
- repetition
How many neural connections that are formed every SECOND during the first three years of life?
1 million
Number of words by age 3 and Number of words by age 6
age 3, 850
age 6, 10,000
Define "serve and return" interactions and describe why these interactions are especially important for children with a history of abuse or neglect
Young children naturally reach out for interaction through babbling, facial expressions, gestures, and words, and adults respond with the same kind of vocalizing and gesturing back at them. This “serve and return” behavior continues back and forth like a game of tennis or volleyball.
Name 2 strategies that support preschoolers in building their early academic skills in the classroom
academic coaching (descriptive commenting)
reading
learning through play
Many more!