Pre-Independence
What movement launched by Gandhi in 1942 demanded an immediate end to British rule?
Who became India's first Prime Minister in 1947?
Jawaharlal Nehru
Which economic model inspired India's Five-Year Plans?
Soviet-style planned economy
In what year did Indira Gandhi first become Prime Minister?
1966
What policy sought to avoid alignment with either Cold War superpower?
Non-Alignment
Which political party was founded in 1885 and became the main vehicle for Indian nationalism?
Indian National Congress
In what year did the Constitution of India come into effect?
1950
What name was given to the agricultural program that dramatically increased crop yields from the 1960s? BONUS: which state became known as the centre of the this program?
Green Revolution. Bonus: Punjab
What was the name of Indira Gandhi's son who became a controversial political figure during the Emergency?
Sanjay Gandhi
What disputed region has remained a source of tension between India and Pakistan since 1947?
Kashmir
Which Muslim League leader argued that Muslims required a separate nation-state?
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
What three key principles underpinned Nehru's vision for India?
Democracy, socialism and secularism
Why did many land reforms achieve only limited success?
Resistance from landowners and poor implementation by state governments
Which neighbouring country emerged during the 1971 war involving India and Pakistan?
Bangladesh
Which war in 1962 severely damaged India's foreign policy prestige? BONUS: What was the significance about this war for India's foreign policy?
Sino-Indian War, It exposed weaknesses in India's defence and damaged Nehru's prestige.
What was the name of Gandhi's 1930 protest against the British salt tax?
Salt March
What constitutional principle prevented India from officially favouring any religion?
Secularism
What system of social hierarchy did Nehru attempt to weaken through reform?
The Caste System
Which Emergency-era policy was criticised for coercive population control measures?
Forced sterilisation program
In which year did India sign the Indo-Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation?
1971
Approximately how many people were displaced during Partition?
Around 10-15 million
Why was Hindi not adopted as India's sole national language?
Opposition from non-Hindi-speaking regions threatened national unity
To what extent did Nehru's social and agricultural reforms fulfil his vision of a modern India?
They achieved significant progress but inequality and social divisions remained
What court ruling helped trigger the declaration of the Emergency in 1975?
Allahabad High Court ruling invalidating her election victory
Which superpower became India's closest strategic partner during the 1970s? What criticism did some Western nations make of India's relationship with this country?
USSR, That India was not truly non-aligned but India argued non-alignment meant independence, not neutrality or equal distance from all powers.