Freedom Fighters & National Leaders
Who is popularly known as the Father of the Nation in India because of his leadership of the nonviolent freedom struggle?
A. Jawaharlal Nehru
B. Mahatma Gandhi
C. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
D. Subhas Chandra Bose
B. Mahatma Gandhi
In which year did British colonial rule formally end and India become an independent nation?
A. 1942
B. 1945
C. 1947
D. 1950
C. 1947
Who composed Jana Gana Mana, which was later adopted as India’s national anthem?
A. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
B. Rabindranath Tagore
C. Muhammad Iqbal
D. Sarojini Naidu
B. Rabindranath Tagore
Who served as the last Viceroy of British India and supervised the transfer of power in 1947?
A. Lord Wavell
B. Lord Mountbatten
C. Lord Linlithgow
D. Lord Irwin
B. Lord Mountbatten
What was the name of India’s first satellite, launched in 1975 and named after a celebrated ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer?
A. Rohini
B. Aryabhata
C. Bhaskara
D. INSAT-1A
B. Aryabhata
Who gave the slogan “Give me blood, and I will give you freedom” while seeking support for an armed struggle against British rule?
A. Bhagat Singh
B. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
C. Subhas Chandra Bose
D. Lala Lajpat Rai
C. Subhas Chandra Bose
Which nationwide movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in August 1942 with the demand that British rule in India end immediately?
A. Swadeshi Movement
B. Quit India Movement
C. Non-Cooperation Movement
D. Khilafat Movement
B. Quit India Movement
How many spokes appear in the navy-blue Ashoka Chakra at the centre of the Indian national flag?
A. 12
B. 18
C. 24
D. 28
C. 24
Which law passed by the British Parliament ended British rule and created the two independent dominions of India and Pakistan?
A. Government of India Act, 1935
B. Indian Councils Act, 1909
C. Indian Independence Act, 1947
D. Rowlatt Act, 1919
C. Indian Independence Act, 1947
Which scientist is known as the Father of the Indian Space Programme for helping establish institutions that led to ISRO?
A. Homi J. Bhabha
B. Vikram Sarabhai
C. C. V. Raman
D. Meghnad Saha
B. Vikram Sarabhai
Which leader, known as the Nightingale of India for her poetry and public speaking, became the first Indian woman president of the Indian National Congress?
A. Sarojini Naidu
B. Annie Besant
C. Aruna Asaf Ali
D. Sucheta Kripalani
A. Sarojini Naidu
The Dandi March of 1930 involved Gandhi and his followers walking to the coastal village of Dandi to break which British law?
A. Restrictions on Indian newspapers
B. The government monopoly and tax on salt
C. A ban on public meetings
D. The land-revenue system
B. The government monopoly and tax on salt
Vande Mataram, India’s national song, first appeared in which novel about resistance to colonial rule?
A. Gitanjali
B. Anandamath
C. Godan
D. The Discovery of India
B. Anandamath
Which controversial 1919 law allowed the colonial government to arrest and imprison certain suspects without an ordinary public trial?
A. Pitt’s India Act
B. Rowlatt Act
C. Charter Act
D. Ilbert Bill
B. Rowlatt Act
Which Indian scientist won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering the Raman Effect, involving changes in light scattered by a substance?
A. Satyendra Nath Bose
B. C. V. Raman
C. Jagadish Chandra Bose
D. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
B. C. V. Raman
Who remains India’s longest-serving prime minister, having held the office continuously from 1947 until 1964?
A. Indira Gandhi
B. Jawaharlal Nehru
C. Manmohan Singh
D. Narendra Modi
B. Jawaharlal Nehru
Which violent incident, in which a protesting crowd set fire to a police station and killed several policemen, caused Gandhi to suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922?
A. Kakori train action
B. Jallianwala Bagh massacre
C. Chauri Chaura incident
D. Bardoli Satyagraha
C. Chauri Chaura incident
Which freedom fighter designed the flag presented to Mahatma Gandhi in 1921 that became an important basis for the present Indian Tricolour?
A. Pingali Venkayya
B. Abanindranath Tagore
C. Nandalal Bose
D. Badruddin Tyabji
A. Pingali Venkayya
The Simon Commission was a British-appointed committee sent to India in 1928 to review the 1919 constitutional reforms. Why was it widely boycotted by Indians?
A. It proposed immediate partition
B. It abolished provincial governments
C. It included no Indian member
D. It declared Congress illegal
C. It included no Indian member
Which Indian scientist and former president played a leading role in India’s missile programmes, earning the title Missile Man of India?
A. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
B. Raja Ramanna
C. Satish Dhawan
D. M. Visvesvaraya
A. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
Which revolutionary assassinated British official William Hutt Curzon Wyllie in London in 1909 to draw international attention to British rule in India?
A. Madan Lal Dhingra
B. Ram Prasad Bismil
C. Batukeshwar Dutt
D. Ashfaqulla Khan
A. Madan Lal Dhingra
At which 1929 session of the Indian National Congress was Purna Swaraj—complete independence from British rule—adopted as its objective?
A. Surat Session
B. Lucknow Session
C. Lahore Session
D. Karachi Session
C. Lahore Session
At which session of the Indian National Congress was Vande Mataram first sung before a Congress gathering in 1896?
A. Bombay Session
B. Calcutta Session
C. Surat Session
D. Lahore Session
B. Calcutta Session
Which 1946 proposal suggested grouping British Indian provinces into three sections while India initially remained a united federation?
A. Cripps Offer
B. Wavell Plan
C. Cabinet Mission Plan
D. Mountbatten Plan
C. Cabinet Mission Plan
India’s Mars Orbiter Mission, Mangalyaan, made India the first country to achieve which distinction?
A. Land a spacecraft on Mars
B. Send humans into Martian orbit
C. Reach Mars orbit on its first attempt
D. Return rock samples from Mars
C. Reach Mars orbit on its first attempt
Who founded the Free India Centre in Berlin in 1941 to organize international support for India’s liberation during the Second World War?
A. Rash Behari Bose
B. Lala Hardayal
C. Subhas Chandra Bose
D. Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
C. Subhas Chandra Bose
During the Quit India Movement, activists in which district established the Prati Sarkar, an underground parallel government that challenged British authority?
A. Satara
B. Ballia
C. Tamluk
D. Ahmedabad
A. Satara
Which Indian revolutionary helped design and unfurl an early Flag of Indian Independence at an international socialist conference in Stuttgart, Germany, in 1907?
A. Annie Besant
B. Madam Bhikaji Cama
C. Sarojini Naidu
D. Captain Lakshmi Sahgal
B. Madam Bhikaji Cama
Dyarchy divided provincial subjects between Indian ministers and British-appointed officials. Which law first introduced it in British Indian provinces?
A. Indian Councils Act, 1892
B. Indian Councils Act, 1909
C. Government of India Act, 1919
D. Government of India Act, 1935
C. Government of India Act, 1919
Which Indian physicist developed ideas that Albert Einstein expanded into Bose–Einstein statistics, with an entire class of particles later named after him?
A. Meghnad Saha
B. Satyendra Nath Bose
C. Homi J. Bhabha
D. G. N. Ramachandran
B. Satyendra Nath Bose