Causes
This is how Britian justified its presence in India.
What is that it claimed it was a religiously and racially superior nation and that India needed its guidance?
Despite the early successes of Gandhi's non-cooperation movement, tensions between these two groups escalated during the 1920s, limiting Gandhi's success in bringing Indian people together.
Who are Hindus and Muslims?
This religious group emerged from partition feeling like its desires, especially its wishes for Punjab, were ignored.
Who are the Sikhs?
This is the word for the lowest-ranking caste in India. This caste was eradicated in the aftermath of independence.
Who are the untouchables?
Much like how the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 resulted in the creation of Ireland and Northern Ireland, the partition of India in 1947 resulted in the creation of these two nations.
What are India and Pakistan?
This type of event, which occurred between 1857 and 1858, caused Britain to take a more hands-on approach to ruling India, leading to a rise in Indian Nationalism.
What is an uprising (Sepoy Rebellion)?
These are examples of resistance techniques that Gandhi promoted during his non-cooperation campaign.
What are boycotts, strikes, and the promotion of self-reliance?
In addition to conflict over Kashmir, Pakistan felt resentment toward India due to this reason.
What is feeling like India took all of the assets/ industry?
Gandhi's vision for non-violent resistance. (Translates to "soul force" in English.)
What is satyagraha?
During WWI in both Ireland and India, nationalists were split over these two opinions on what to do about the independence movements.
What were either 1.) Support British war efforts and put the independence movement on the back burner. Or 2.) Push for independence when Britain was vulnerable?
This nationalist organization, founded in the 1880s, consisted of educated, English-speaking Indians who fought for Indian representation in government.
What is the Indian National Congress?
This event, which resulted in 100,000 arrests and 100 deaths at the hands of the police, gained mass media attention for the Indian Independence Movement.
What is the Salt March?
Disagreement over the fate of this princely state led to decades worth of conflict between India and Pakinstan?
What is Kashmir?
This is the word for when an economy is controlled by a mother country.
What is mercantilism?
Much like how the Easter Rising of 1916 marked a turning point in the Irish Independence Movement, this event, in which 379 people were killed and over 1,000 were wounded, marked a turning point in the Indian Independence Movement.
What is the Amritsar Massacre?
Conflict in this province of India emerged in 1905 when the British viceroy announced that the province would be divided into East and West parts. It was reunited in 1909.
What is Bengal?
This leader of the Muslim League called for a two-state solution for independence, using the rallying cry, "Islam is in danger."
Who is Mohammed Ali Jinnah?
What happened to both Gandhi and Jinnah within a year of partition?
What is that both of them passed away, meaning that they never saw the full impact of their fight for independence?
This is the phrase used in the Declaration of Independence of India which means complete independence from Britain.
What is purna swaraj?
Unlike the regression of women's rights that occurred in Ireland in the aftermath of Independence, women in India experienced these gains after partition.
What are increased inheritance, property, and marriage rights?
This is how the Great Depression/Stock Market Crash of 1929 impacted the Indian Independence Movement.
What is that it caused many Indians, who had lost their jobs and were struggling financially, to feel resentment toward Britain and join the movement?
Britain cited these events as evidence that violence between Hindus and Muslims was inevitable and that the partition of India was necessary.
What were Direct Action Day and the Great Calcutta Killing?
These are two states that India annexed by force in the aftermath of parition.
What are Hyderabad and Jungadh?
This is the belief in promoting the interests of one ethic, religious, or cultural group rather than those of society as a whole.
What is communalism?
How is the controversy over the making of English an official language in India similar to the grievances of the Gaelic League in Ireland?
What is because both rejected English as a colonial language/ wanted to get back to historical roots?