Chapter 9
What is Analco?
Analco is the neighborhood across from San Miguel church in Santa Fe, across the river from the Plaza, where the Indians from Mexico lived.
When the Spanish decided that their only option was to leave the compound and head South, what was the response of the Indians when the Spanish and their slaves left the compound and were out in the open? Did they slaughter the Spanish? In your opinion, why did they react in the way they reacted?
As the Spanish left, the Indians let them leave. They did not want to risk any more loss of life. The purpose of the revolt was fulfilled by the Spanish surrender and departure.
Did the Pueblos remain united after the revolt? Why or why not?
No, the Pueblos did not remain united after the revolt. After the Spanish left, “people did not do the kind of business with each other that required a central government to make laws and to enforce them.” So, each village returned to governing itself.
Why was Gov. Otermin surprised to see Juan at the head of the Indian army?
Governor Otermin was surprised to see Juan at the head of the Indian army because Juan had been his trusted servant.
To where did the Spanish retreat?
The Spanish retreated far to the south to the area along the Rio Grande where El Paso, Texas and Juarez, Mexico are now located.
How had life changed for the Pueblo people because of the Spanish?
For the Pueblo people, life had changed in many ways. The Spanish introduced new technology, new knowledge of the world, new ideas about religion, new farming techniques, new foods, new animals, new architecture styles, new tools, new languages. Some of these imports were discarded, but some were retained if the people deemed them useful.
What did Juan offer Governor Otermin? Describe the two crosses. What did each one represent? Which one did Governor Otermin choose? Explain.
Juan offered Otermin a white cross and a red cross. The white cross represented that the Spanish would surrender and leave the land of the Pueblo people. The red cross symbolized the Spanish refused to leave, which meant war and death. Otermin refused to take either cross, because he didn’t believe in negotiating with someone he considered a subordinate (his servant) and he didn’t believe the Native people would force the Spanish out of their colonial capital.
Describe three things the Pueblo did to mourn those villagers who had lost their lives in the revolt.
Three things Pueblo people did to mourn villagers who had lost their lives in the revolt included burying someone with his head toward the east; having the oldest male relative dress the dead warrior in his best clothes with his moccasins on opposite feet; four days after burial, relatives came to his home with food where they ate and offered food to sacred objects in the house, and made offerings in the fields.
When did the Spanish return? Describe some of the laws that some former officials proposed.
The Spanish returned in 1692. Laws proposed by former officials included prohibiting anyone who was not pure Spanish to carry any kind of Spanish weapons, own beasts or travel on horseback.
Why were the Spanish colonists not free to leave? What did Lieutenant Governor Garcia decide about the situation at Kick Flint?
The Spanish colonists were not free to leave because they needed permission to do so from the Governor, who was the official representative of the King of Spain in New Mexico.
How was the attitude of the Spanish different because of the revolt? Give some examples to show this difference in attitude.
The Spanish attitude toward Pueblo cultural ways had changed as a result of the Spanish having been defeated in the 1680 revolt. Although they did not want non-Spaniards to possess Spanish arms or beasts, they were more tolerant of Indian culture and knew that it would not be wise to force the Pueblo people to give up their cultural ways. After the Spanish returned, although, Indians once again could attend Mass in Spanish churches, they were able to freely practice their own native religion, openly gathering in their kivas and dancing in public.
How did the Indian armies that had converged on Santa Fe win the siege?
The Indian armies that had converged on Santa Fe won the siege by cutting off the water supply to the compound, causing the animals to die from thirst and people to sicken. Otermin made some moves to delay the inevitable, but in the end he realized that the Spanish had no choice but to leave.