Storytelling and Perspective
How did Indigenous Peoples traditionally pass on the history of their communities and Nations?
Oral History
Why is it important that a person uses your name, instead of a name they choose for you?
Name is a part of identity, and who you are. You should be able to choose what you are called.
Was every relationship between Indigenous Peoples and First Nations Peoples a negative one?
No, many relationships were mutually beneficial, and based on peace and friendship in the beginning.
When a group of people begins to take on the culture and traditions of a larger group of people (either naturally or by force) this is called what?
Assimilation
What was the purpose of the peace and friendship treaties?
peace and friendship, or to stop conflict and prevent conflict
What is a perspective?
The way someone looks at the world
there are over how many indigenous languages in Canada:
a)40
b)60
c)70
70
What happened to the treaties that France had established with First Nations communities once Britain won the war against France, and France was forced to leave North America?
The British largely ignored all treaties that were established with the French, (this lead to a war between some First Nations and the British)
When a group is treated as though their lives, thoughts, ideas, etc, are insignificant this is called what?
marginalization
What was one traditional form of treaty for the First Nations Peoples
Wampum Belt
What are the problems with hearing about Indigenous history from the perspective of non-Indigenous People
There could be information missing from the story, the observers story could be full of bias, you do not get to hear and understand the perspective of the Indigenous person.
Why is it important that we use terms like First Nations, Metis or Inuit, instead of the terms that were used in the past?
These terms were created/chosen by the individuals, instead of my the European settlers.
List 3 things that Indigenous Peoples had, or were already doing, before European explorers arrived
trading with each other, making alliances, fight conflicts, self-governing, speaking unique languages, participating in cultural traditions, etc.
What does it mean to be resilient?
to overcome hardships
Why was the Royal Proclamation of 1776 both a good and bad thing for Indigenous Peoples?
It said they were sovereign nations, but also made i appear that they could not take care of themselves
List 3 important parts of Indigenous culture that can influence Indigenous perspectives.
connection to family and community, connection to the land, spirituality, understanding of time, Nationhood, relationship with the world around (everything is connected)
making connections: provide me with an example of a situation that could occur when traditional languages are no longer spoken by each member of a family. (think back to real-life stories presented in class)
a grandfather who speaks a traditional language, and a granddaughter who only speaks English cannot communicate their feelings to each other verbally. Although they knew they loved each other, this made each of them sad.
Why did many Indigenous communities find themselves in a vulnerable place when the British government started attempting to acquire (take) their land?
Many of their trade goods had either run out, come close to extinction, or were no longer needed by Europeans. They had become dependent on this trade and were in need of support for survival.
List 2 of the reasons why Residential schools were created.
To remove children from their homes, to force them to speak European languages instead of traditional languages, to assimilate them into Euro-Canadian culture, to ensure the destruction of traditional Indigenous cultures.
Why can it be complicated to enforce treaties that were created in the 1800's, today?
The language that we use now is different, and the interpretations of the treaties can vary
List 2 ways that storytelling can be used.
pass on advice
explain creation
pass on history
keep families and communities connected
List 3 negative consequence for the loss of traditional Indigenous language?
unable to pass on to future generations, community members unable to communicate with each other, increased misunderstandings due to language differences, loss of historical context (translations don't always match up)
Explain the evolution (change) of the relationship between Indigenous Peoples and Europeans from first Contact to the establishment of residential schools.
at first they avoided each other, then they began to trade goods with one another, and then the Europeans started to settle here and wanted more land for settlement, which would need to come from the First Nations, Metis and Inuit peoples.
Explain how the Indian Act was used to marginalize Indigenous Peoples
The Indian Act was created to control all Indigenous Peoples using the law. They were restricted from practicing their traditions, they were told when and when they could not leave their reservations, they were told who would be considered Indigenous and who would not, etc
List the 3 types of treaties that have existed over time
Peace and Friendship, Land transfer, land claims