🌍 Exploration & Trade
What were the 3 main motives for European exploration?
(God, Gold, Glory)
Who started the Reformation?
Martin Luther
What is the Columbian Exchange?
Transfer of goods, people, diseases
What group ruled land in Japan?
Daimyo
What was unusual about the Holy Roman Empire?
It wasn’t holy, Roman, or truly unified; loose collection of territories
Which treaty divided the New World between Spain and Portugal?
(Treaty of Tordesillas)
What invention helped spread Reformation ideas?
Printing press
Name one item from the New World to Old World
Potato or tomato
What empire conquered the Byzantine Empire in 1453?
Ottoman Empire
What type of system did Japan have during this time?
Feudal system with daimyos
Why were the Spanish more successful than the Portuguese in the Americas?
guns, germs, steel, horses
What were indulgences?
Payments for forgiveness of sins
Name one item from Old World to New World
Horse, pig, smallpox
What policy did Ottomans and Mughals use for religion?
Tolerance
What invention helped spread the Reformation quickly?
Printing press
What type of empire did Portugal create?
A Trading post empire
What did Henry VIII do in response to the Church?
Created Church of England, seized land
What was a major negative effect?
(Disease killed natives)
What military technology helped empires expand?
Gunpowder
What were the “gunpowder empires”? (name one)
Ottoman OR Mughal Empire
Why did Europeans want to reach the Indies?
Spices, wealth, trade, spread Christianity
Name one effect of the Reformation
Religious conflict, Protestantism, migrations, etc.
What was a major positive effect?
New crops improved diets/population
Name one reason for Ming decline
Corruption, famine, silver inflation, threats
Explain ONE cause and ONE effect of the Columbian Exchange
→ (Cause: European exploration/contact between Old & New Worlds)
→ (Effect: spread of disease, population decline in Americas, new crops, global exchange)