Understanding people at work
The study of individuals and groups within an organization is the definition of?
Organizational behaviour
What is an attitude?
An attitude is a predisposition to act in a certain way toward people and things in one’s environment.
define the term Job
The collection of tasks a person performs in support of organizational objectives.
the definition of autonomy
the amount of freedom given to an individual in the workplace
give an example of a situation where an organization can benefit from telecommuting:
- pandemics like covid-19
describe self monitoring
The degree to which someone can alter their behaviour to fit various situations and various factors.
the "individual performance equation" is:
Performance=ability*support*effort
emphasizes careful selection and training of workers and supervisory support with an emphasis on improving work efficiency
this is the definition of?
Scientific management
2 core characteristics - define them
(not autonomy)
Skill variety - the variety of different activities and skills required to carry out the work
Task identity - doing a job from beginning to end with a visible outcome
Task significance - the impact the job has on the lives or work of other people in the external environment
Feedback - individual obtaining direct and clear feedback on their performance
name all types of work arrangements
1) the compressed work week
2) flexible working hours
3) job sharing
4) telecommuting
5) part time work
give 3 examples of how to create a good quality of work life
Develop employee strengths
Create meaning for daily tasks
Create connections between personal and organizational values
Create work-life balance
Give feedback
An individual feels positive or negative about various aspects of work. evaluative points of reference in job satisfaction are: pay, co workers, supervisor, work setting, advancement opportunities, and workload.
this is the definition of?
Job Satisfaction
What approach is often used during training to inform workers about the different jobs and give them the chance to try all?
job rotation
Will people demand more money if they start doing enriched jobs?
No increased job satisfaction is often enough
Some workers may demand more pay for doing more complex work
what are the core hours : ____ and ____
in flexible working hours
9-11 am
1-3 pm
give two examples of a bad psychological contract
No balance between contributions and rewards for workers
Expectations are not met
Values are not upheld
Promises are not upheld
what are the two other components with quality of work life implications:
Job Involvement: The extent to which an individual is dedicated to a job.
Organizational commitment: The loyalty of an individual to an organization.
What does job enrichment focus on? what do these terms mean?
Job enrichment focuses on both job scope which is the variety of tasks, and on job depth which is the extent of planning, controlling, and responsibility
define the sociotechnical system and why it is used today
Sociotechnical system - a system that integrates technology and human resources in high-performance systems
Technology is meant to increase productivity, it can speed up tasks thus saving time and energy required to do things otherwise done by hand
It can also improve the quality and accuracy of work being done
The Conference Board of Canada estimates that ____ of Canadian organizations allow job _____. Majority of arrangements involve _____.
20%
sharing
women
Describe all the 5 big personality traits that can influence behaviour at work
Extroversion: Being outgoing, social, and assertive. An extrovert is comfortable and confident in interpersonal relationships.
Agreeableness: Being good natured, cooperative, and trusting.
Conscientiousness: being responsible, dependable, and careful.
Emotional stability: being relaxed, secure, and unworried.
Openness: Being curious, receptive to new ideas, and imaginative.
Define the 3 components of attitude:
Cognitive component: Reflects a belief or opinion
Affective/emotional component: Reflects a specific feeling (like feeling good about being a manager).
Behavioural component: Reflects an intention to behave consistently with the belief and feeling.
Full explanation of job enlargement:
Increases task variety by combining multiple tasks into one job assigned for a single worker
This type of job design allows to cut down on employees, increases worker responsibility, task orientation, and satisfaction despite the workload
What are unions opinion on job enrichment?
Want better wages/shorter hours and a say in the organization rather than job enrichment
Union-employee contribution to planning stages can help with the acceptance of change at the workplace level
define the compressed work week and give 2 pros and 2 cons
Definition
A workweek with less work days/week and more hours/day
Most common is the 4 day 10 hour work week
Pros
More free-time for the worker
Less cost of commuting
Less absences/improved performance
More motivation for worker
Cons
Increased fatigue from longer hours
Hard to make arrangements with scheduling
Scheduling on the management side may be difficult
Customers may complain if the person who they wish to contact is not in on all business days