Cognitive Abilities
The ability to mentally manipulate objects and visualize transformations refers to this cognitive skill.
What is visualization?
This psychologist proposed a theory suggesting intelligence is not unitary but composed of multiple distinct types.
Who is Howard Gardner?
This style reflects whether a person relies on external or internal cues to process visual information.
What is field dependence/field independence?
This term describes the knowledge gap between those new to a domain and those with extensive experience.
What is the expert/novice difference?
Females tend to outperform males in this category of cognitive abilities.
What are verbal abilities?
The ability to recall a set of elements immediately after presentation is known as this.
What is span memory?
This type of test is widely used to predict school performance but fails to capture the full range of human abilities.
What is an IQ test?
This learning theory suggests instructional methods should align with an individual's preferred style.
What is the meshing hypothesis?
These two groups show distinct strategies in how they encode and classify information.
Who are experts and novices?
This type of ability includes skills like grammar, spelling, and reading comprehension.
What are verbal abilities?
This ability involves producing multiple phrases with similar meanings.
What is expressional fluency?
This statistical technique quantifies differences between groups using a standardized mean difference called “d.”
What is meta-analysis?
This term refers to the tendency to enjoy effortful thinking and solving intellectual problems.
What is need for cognition?
This cognitive domain often declines with age, affecting tasks like decision-making and recall speed.
What is processing speed or fluid intelligence?
Males tend to outperform females in this area, especially after age 12–13.
What is quantitative or mathematical ability?
This refers to the ability to quickly identify instances of a pattern under time pressure.
What is perceptual speed?
This controversial claim suggests cognitive ability is largely determined by heredity, ranging from 40% to 80%
What is the heritability of intelligence?
This theory classifies learning as “connected” or “separate,” depending on how the learner approaches truth.
What is connected learning theory?
This finding shows males outperforming females on spatial tasks like mental rotation, with effect size d = .90.
What are gender differences in visuospatial ability?
A measure of gender difference in mental rotation found an effect size of this magnitude.
What is d = .90?
This refers to estimating distances or dimensions without external tools.
What is length estimation?
This criticism of research refers to the tendency to publish only significant findings, omitting null results.
What is the file drawer problem?
This style is marked by hasty responses and little deliberation when solving problems.
What is impulsivity (as opposed to reflectivity)?
This motivational style leads individuals to avoid challenge and give up easily under pressure.
What is helpless orientation?
This longitudinal study linked math test scores with access to advanced classes, not just talent.
What is the SMPY (Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth)?