Learning
about
Learning Disabilities
is
fun
100
learning problem that is primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities, of mental retardations, of emotional disturbance, or of environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage
What is The portion of the definition that is NOT included in IDEA
100
Academic Difficulties Reading-students with LD have difficulty Understanding how sounds of speech are represented in letters Apply info to rapid and fluid decoding of words Sufficient vocabulary and language skills to quickly connect their reading to knowledge and previous experiences Students with LD need explicit teaching in these skills
What are some academic and impacts of LD?
100
Uses researched based intervention NOT severe discrepancy Maintains that student still struggles even after high quality gen ed instruction Instruction intensified by placemement into small groups Instruction further intensified by individual instruction
What is the RTI model?
100
Based on the assumption students should be identified with LD AFTER they have been provided high quality instruction
What is RTI?
100
Is an alternative approach needed to identify students with learning disabilities? Are students with learning disabilities appropriately included in general education classrooms across the United States? Sever discrepancy is not educational meaningful since students have to wait to fail Inclusion
What are some prevailing issues related to LD?
200
ensure that the primary reason the student has difficulty progressing academically relates to a learning disability and not to another type of disability or to environmental conditions"
What is the exclusionary clause
200
Mathematics difficulties with Learning math facts to automaticity Using strategies to complete math calculations Comprehending math word problems Learning strategies to solve word problems Written Expression problems with Planning what to say, how to say it and translating plans into written text , and reviewing to improve
What are Primary Characteristics of LD
200
Uneven development in skills
What the only common characteristic of LD?
200
First, student must have been provided a high quality instruction and continue to struggle Second, student administered an achievement test based on curriculum or norm reference to see if student is falling behind peers
What is RTI approach?
200
-Roles and responsibilities of teachers and school psychologists who implement RTI are not clearly defined ( who will be responsible for implementing scientifically based instruction) -Significant # of students id at the secondary level make it unclear how educators will use RTI to id older students
What are disadvantages of RTI?
300
Confusing, unfair, and logically inconsistent Identification rates vary across the states from 2.18% to 7.66% In some states students must fail and become several years behind before they are identified- wait to fail RTI was, in part, due to the concerns about identification and classification process
What are the criticisms of the IDEA definition of LD
300
Memory Problems Long-term deficits, causes frustration Short-term deficits Working memory-ability to see something, think about it, act on it Attention Problems Orienting toward important activities in the classroom Sustaining attention for appropriate period of time Selectively attending to material that is the most important Metacognitive Deficits Awareness of thinking processes and how the processes are monitored Knowing what you know and how you know it Strategies help with metacognition
What are cognitive disabilities associated with LD
300
IQ test Achievement tests Standardized norm reference test to find current level of achievement *all for the purpose of comparing achievement capability vs intellect
What is the the severe discrepancy approach?
300
- Dose not require students to wait to fail -Ensures that learning problem is NOT due to poor instruction - The assessment data used to id student monitors student's progress which provides helpful data that also reflects more specifically which area needs improvement
What advantages to RTI?
300
Big Ideas Mediated Scaffolding Judicious Review Conspicuous Stratagies
What are principals that guide LD curriculum and instruction?
400
Severe discrepancy between achievement and ability Exclusion clause student has been provided appropriate learning experiences Academic problems cannot be overcome in general education class
What are Classification Criteria for Learning Disabilities
400
Discrepancy Model IQ Tests Achievement Tests Response to Intervention
What are the measures for identifying and assessing LD?
400
Wait to fail ( PRIMARY ) RTI
What are the two approaches to identify LD?
400
- variety of social skill levels -inability to read social queues and hold conversations -social alienatino ( lack of school involvement) -low social status
What are social and motivational problems associated with LD?
400
Partially solved math problems Sufficient examples before student is expected to solve problems Presenting problems that go from easy to difficult
What is scaffolding?
500
Some manifest difficulties getting along with peers and teachers Inability to read social cues and interact successfully in conversations Social alienation, resulting in lack of affiliation or involvement in the school Low social status of students with LD Great variability among students and their social skills
What are the social problems associated with LD
500
Abnormal Brain Function Genetic Factors Lack of quality instruction
What are the possible causes for LD?
500
Problem with phonological processing ( associating sounds with letters in oral language and reading)
What is a major contributor to LD?
500
Regular class Resource room
What are examples of alternative placement?
500
A review distributed over time with an understanding of application to prevent students from getting bored
What is a pragmatic disorder?
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