Vocab
Large railroad companies bought smaller companies or drove them out of business. _____ made the large companies more efficient.
Consolidation
Wealthy, powerful men that controlled huge railroad companies with many workers
Railroad Barons
The inventor of the transatlantic telegraph that transmitted messages in a matter of seconds
Cyrus Field
The most famous figure of the oil industry
John D. Rockefeller
Companies hired _____ to replace works that were on strike
Strikebreakers
Each worker performed an assigned production task again and again; it revolutionized other industries as well.
Assembly line
As the railroad companies consolidated, companies adopted a _______ of 4 feet, 8.5 inches as the width of the railroad track. This allowed faster shipment of goods at a reduced cost.
Standard gauge
A device that transmitted speech
The telephone
By acquiring stock in several companies, John D. Rockefeller was able to form a ______?
Trust (Standard Oil Trust)
These unions had little success because they were too small to be effective
Trade unions
General movement towards
Trend
Before the consolidation of railroad companies, why did cargo have to be moved from one train to another during shipment?
Trains from different railroads could not use the same track because the widths of the tracks differed.
Ford
How would a monopoly affect the price of oil? Why?
The price may rise because producers could charge whatever they want. If people want oil, they have to pay whatever price the single producer sets.
Under the leadership of Terence Powderly, _____ became a national labor organization in the 1800s.
Knights of Labor
Unions represent workers in labor discussions with management
Collective bargaining
Name at least one technology that improved railroad travel
Air brakes, Janney car couplers, refrigerated cars, Pullman sleeping cars
After 1863, ____ was delivered directly to people's homes.
This person dominated the steel industry
Andrew Carnegie
The most renowned labor strike occurred where?
Chicago's Haymarket Square
A court order
Injunction
Secret agreements among the railroad barons
Pools
Why would mail-order businesses appeal to rural residents?
Rural areas had few stores. Catalogs made a wide variety of products available to rural residents.
Congress passed this to prohibit trusts and monopolies
Sherman Antitrust Act
Before the labor movements, how many hours a week did industrial laborers typically work?
60-72 hours