STEEL & OIL
What was the name of the process that blew air through molten iron?
Bessemer Process
What material made it possible for railroads to expand rapidly?
Cheap steel
Who invented the telegraph in 1837?
Samuel Morse
What is the economic system where businesses are privately owned and compete for profit?
Capitalism
Who was known as “Mother Jones” and fought for workers’ and child labor rights?
Mary Harris Jones
Who developed the process that removed impurities from iron to make steel cheaper and stronger?
Henry Bessemer & William Kelly
Who were the two brothers who built and flew the first airplane?
Orville and Wilbur Wright
Who invented the telephone in 1876?
Alexander Graham Bell
What is it called when one company completely controls an industry?
Monopoly
What labor union, led by Terence Powderly, welcomed men, women, and African Americans?
Knights of Labor
Who drilled the first successful oil well, and where was it located?
Edwin L. Drake in Titusville, Pennsylvania
What invention by George Westinghouse made train travel safer?
Compressed-air brake
What 1867 invention by Christopher Sholes made office work faster and created jobs for women?
Typewriter
The idea that government should not interfere in the economy is called what?
Laissez-Faire
What was the goal of the Knights of Labor?
8-hour workday, no child labor, equal pay
What was Elijah McCoy’s invention that automatically oiled machines called?
Lubricating cup
The Transcontinental Railroad connected the East and West coasts in what year?
1869
Name two major inventions by Thomas Edison.
Light bulb, phonograph, motion-picture camera, or power plant (any two)
Which oil tycoon created the Standard Oil Company and became America’s first billionaire?
John D. Rockefeller
What violent event in Chicago linked unions with violence after a bomb exploded?
Haymarket Riot
What major impact did cheap steel have on the United States economy and transportation?
It led to massive railroad expansion and faster, cheaper building of bridges, factories, and cities.
Where did the Wright brothers’ first flight take place, and how long did it last?
North Carolina; 12 seconds
Which two inventors created the alternating current (AC) system for long-distance electricity?
George Westinghouse & Nikola Tesla
Which businessman built the U.S. steel empire using vertical integration?
Andrew Carnegie
What 1892 strike at Carnegie Steel turned violent and showed tension between labor and big business?
Homestead Strike