- the steam engine
- trains
-steamboats
- fewer farmers needed
- rich became richer
- medical advances
- cities were able to develop thanks to coal
- the Spinning Jenny (25x faster than by hand)
- the steam engine (reliable, cheap and powerful)
- trains (fast, reliable, powerful)
-steamboats (steady speed, carry heavy loads)
- worked on someone else's farm
- move to cities
- entrepreneurs emerged due to access to capital and credit
- invested in stock markets
- trains networks were built
- agriculture was mechanized
- canals (waterways)
- boar
- horse
- railways
- long hours
- child labour were common
- People moved from countryside to cities to find work
the poor ones
- owned the factories
- paid low wages to workers to increase profit
- believed in little government involvement in the economy
- formed banks to increase access to credit
- right to form unions
- right to safe working conditions
- Homes: dark, dirty, small, dangerous
- new land (Louisiana (1803) and Mexico(1848)
- Civil war lead to military supplies (clothing, weapons, vehicles, etc.)
- the government
- the people
- the people were pro "laissez-faire" policies which is to negotiate contracts without govnt intervention