Agriculture
What is the definition of Industrial Revolution
What is a change in the way people worked
What is the name of the loom made to work in factories
Power Loom
What are two changes in transportation invented during the Industrial Revolution.
1. Canals 2. Railroads and trains
What was the main source of power of the earliest factories?
Running water
How people made goods before the Industrial Revolution
What is by hand
Who invented the "spinning jenny"
Who is James Hargreaves
During the Industrial Revolution what was the average life expectancy for the working class and what diseases begin to take the lives of people due to the industrial age and factor.
30 years of age for the working class suicide rates double, then triple New disease = malignant tumors grow in peoples bodies and the term cancer is first used in the medical profession Various Lung diseases = inhalation of coal dust, textile materials
The Factory Acts placed limits on what two things.
Hours:
Amount of hours one was to work Children were the first to benefit. In 1802, it became illegal to have children work more than 12 hours straight in cotton mills. The age of the worker.
Age:
In 1819, it became ilegal to hire a child under nine years of age
What event occurred in Ireland in the 1840s resulting in thousands of families driven from their land. Where did these families go (2)
Irish Potato Famine. Potatoes had become a staple foodfor millions of Europeans. In 1845, the Irish potato crop suffered from disease that rotted the potato. Thousands of families were driven from their land, to work in the industrial cities of Britain or whent overseas to the colonies.
Two reasons why railroads were important to industrialization
What is gave people a way to move around and helped factory owners a way to move their goods
What invention led to greater pollution in the cities but also allowed factories to be built anywhere in England
The year is 1785. A man named James Watt invents a new machine called the steam engine. The steam engine replaces the water frame. First, it is far more efficient. Second, it allows factories to be built away from the river. This source of power is more mobile. Capitalists quickly replace their water frames with steam powered weaving and spinning machines. The main business in England is still textile manufacturing.
What are 3 reasons why the Industrial Age occurred in England during the 17th century Some of these reasons are why an Industrial Revolution is occurring in China today.
1. Good supply of people who were willing to work (labour supply) 2. The British middle-class who were mostly landowners and business people had influences in the government as a result of the Glorious Revolution. They were able to get parliament to pass laws that helped business grow. 3. British middle-class were becomiing wealthy and could invest their money in new businesses. This kind of money is called capital and is essential for industrialization. When the British colonized India, enourmous amounds of treasure were stolen and shipped back to Britain- more capital to suppor t industrialization. 4. Great Britain also gained an early technological advantage over other countries. The British government encouraged the numerous scientific advances and technoloical inventions. 5. Brtain also had large deposits of raw materials, such as coal. CCoal provided a cheap source of power for the new machines needed for industry. 6. Britain had many colonies. British companies could import raw materials from these colonies and then sell the finished products back to the colonies. 7. Good transportaion
This movement fenced in the common land where the peasants grew their food before the Industrial Revolution. What is the name of the movement that fenced in the common land.
Enclosure Movement
This machine carries thread from one side to the other
What is the "flying shuttle"
It is 1842. There are some advantages to urban dwellers. City life is very different from the country life. For the small but growing middle classes, a whole new cultural life is available. What are 3 new ways that the emerging middle class is participating in fine life and entertainment during the Industrial Age.
1. Museums, 2. Theater, 3. Opera, 4. Restaurants, 5. Concerts Whereas before only the aristocrats could afford the arts, but now the middle class enjoys the fine life of culture and good living.
What three main industries were children particularly useful during the industrial revolution? Why?
1. Mine - mine shafts = because of their small size. 2. Textiles - many children were employed to run in and out of the workings of power looms: they could get their small hands into the workings of the machines to pick out loose threads or tangels 3. Chimney-cleaners: employed small bous, who were sent up into the chimneys of large homes and businesses to clean ou the soot
List and describe 3 changes in agriculture that led to the Industrial Revolution
1. New Breeds of animals 2. New crops (turnips, potatoes) 3. Change from leaving land fallow to crop rotation 4. Jethro Tull and seed drill 5. Use of manure and ferilizers 6. Enclosures and raising animals for meat 7. Small plots of land were turned into larger collectives farms
The first steam-driven engines were used to:
Pump water from the mines
List and describe 3 advances that contributed to urbanization during the Industrial Revolution
Roads, Railway, Canals, Steam engine, Seed Drill, enclosures, Coal
What were 3 injustices that children suffered during the early stages of industrialization?
1. Exposed to pollution from coal-burning 2. Textile factories were filled with fluff and microsopic fibres which got deep into workers lungs 3. Noise of the looms and other machines was sometimes deafening 4. Often workers were forced to take part of their wages in food 5. Food was often of poor quality 6. Workers were forced to work long overtime shifts 7. Many were beaten 8. A lifetime in the mills was a hard life and often a short one. 9. stunted childrens growth and deformed their bodies