The 1st Industrial
Revolution
Revolution
Where and when did the 1st Industrial Revolution begin?
In England, no concrete date, after 1750
What were the principle means of transportation prior to the Industrial Revolution?
i. Canal barges pulled by mules
ii. Ships powered by sails
iii. Horse-drawn wagons, carts, and carriages
From which countries did Great Britain learn a lot about textiles?
China and India
The first industrial revolution took place first in Great Britain and then in the US, Belgium, and France. Where did the second industrial revolution take place?
Germany, Japan, and Russia
France joined the Industrial Revolution following what?
France joined the Industrial Revolution following the French Revolution and Napoleonic wars
Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England? Name at least 3 reasons.
Capital for investing in means of production Colonies and markets for many goods Raw materials for production Workers Merchant Marine Geography
What became the principle means of transportation after the Industrial Revolution?
i. Trains
ii. Steamships
iii. Trolleys
iv. Automobiles
What did Eli Whitney invent and what did his invention do?
Cotton gin, 1793
Device separated raw cotton from cotton seeds, increasing the cotton supply while lowering the cost of raw cotton
Three canals were constructed during the second industrial revolution shortening distances for sea travel. Name 1 and the 2 bodies of water it connected.
i. Suez Canal (1869) – provided access to the Indian Ocean from the Mediterranean Sea without the need to sail around Africa
ii. Kiel Canal (1896) – North Sea connected to the Baltic Sea
iii. Panama Canal (1914) – provided access from one side of the Americas to the other without the need to sail around the tip of South America
What was the big transportion development in Russia during the Industrial Revolution?
The Trans-Siberian Railroad
What was the first industry to be industrialized in Britain?
The textile industry
Name a specific invention related to transportation and the inventor responsible.
Robert Fulton (American) Steamboat (1807)
Thomas Telford and John McAdam (British)
Macadamized roads (1810-1830)
George Stephenson (English) Locomotive (1825)
Gottlieb Daimler (German) Gasoline engine (1885)
Rudolf Diesel (German) Diesel engine (1892)
Orville and Wilbur Wright (American) Airplane (1903)
What was the invention that most directly led to the creation of factories and who was the inventor?
Richard Arkwright (English)
i. Water frame, 1769
ii. Water-powered spinning machine that was too large for use in a home—led to the creation of factories
Who was Henry Ford? In terms of the Industrial Revolution, what is he known for?
Car manufacturer. Assembly line, 1908-1915
The US began to industrialize after___________.
The war of 1812
Early water power involved mills built over rivers. The Industrial Revolution saw significant advances in water power by means of the development of ___________.
Steam power / Steam Engine
The first regular steamboat route was in the US. Tell me either what the regular route was or what the name of the boat was.
Albany, NY to NYC
The Clermont
Who invented the sewing machine?
Elias Howe (American) 1846
Who was Charles Lindburgh and why is he famous?
Pilot, first non-stop flight across the Atlantic, 1927.
How did the Industrial Revolution change things for consumers? (Especially in terms of the textile industry)
Before: Items were made to order so you’d have fewer things that cost a lot. No going into a store and grabbing your size shirt off the rack. Go to a store → select fabric → pick a pattern → get measured → wait a week or so to get your item.
After: You get to grab your size shirt off the store rack. Store owners kept numerous dresses, etc., in stock in a number of popular patterns and sizes, anticipating that women would buy them. Clothes were cheaper, and you saw more variety/options in a store, so you bought more.
Explain the expression, 'Necessity is the mother of invention'.
a. Spinning machine → need to speed up weaving → power loom created → increased demand for raw cotton → invention of the cotton gin → demands for stronger iron → improvements in iron smelting and the development of economically-feasible steel (Bessemer process)
b. As more steam-powered machines were built, factories needed more coal to create this steam → mining methods improved to meet the demand for more coal
c. The process of inventing never ends
i. One invention inevitably leads to improvements upon it and to more inventions
When was the first steam driven device created? During the Industrial Revolution? If not, when?
Humans tried harnessing steam power for millennia.
Hero of Alexandria, Egypt—created a steam-driven device in the 1st century BCE
Why did England's climate benefit the textile industry?
Damp climate, the thread didn't dry out.
What became the primary source of power during the second industrial revolution?
Electricity
Name an important invention in the world of commnication and the inventor.
Samuel F.B. Morse (American) Telegraph (1844)
Alexander Graham Bell (American) Telephone (1876)
Cyrus W. Field (American) Atlantic cable (1866)
Guglielmo Marconi (Italian) Wireless telegraph, an early form of the radio (1895)
Lee de Forest (American) Radio tube (1907)
Vladimir Zworykin (American) Television (1925)