Vocabulary
Movement of people from farms to cities
Urbanization
Place where cloth and fabric were produced
Textile mills
– Moving to another country to live
Immigration
Economic system where businesses are privately owned
Private Property
Process where machines replace hand tools
Industrialization
Crowded apartment buildings in cities
Tenements
Identical machine-made parts
Interchangeable parts
Why many immigrants came to the U.S. in the 1800s
Factory jobs
Prices are set by buyers and sellers
Supply and demand
Method of manufacturing using machines and workers in one place
Factory system
Country or small-town areas
Rural
Describe the Common factory conditions
Common factory conditions: long hours, low pay, unsafe work
Group that immigrated due to famine
Irish
Money earned after expenses are paid
Profit Motive
New power source that helped run machines
Steam power
Extreme shortage of food causing starvation
Famine
Groups that often worked in factories for low wages
Women and children
– How urbanization changed cities
Cities grew as centers of industry
Idea that government should not interfere in business- Hands off
Laissez-faire
Invention that made cotton processing faster
Cotton gin
Favoring native-born citizens over immigrants
Nativism/ Know Nothing Party
Why entire families worked in factories
to survive / earn enough money
Major problem caused by rapid city growth
overcrowding / poor living conditions
Person who starts and runs a business
Entrepreneur
How the cotton gin affected slavery
Increased slavery due to cotton demand