Steam Engine
Who is credited with significantly improving the early steam engine design, leading to its widespread use during the Industrial Revolution?
Thomas N.
What was the most significant technological invention of the Industrial Revolution, and how did it transform manufacturing processes?
The steam engine, which enabled mechanization in factories and transportation
What caused the American Civil War?
the issue of slavery
What were the typical working hours in a factory during the Industrial Revolution, and how did they compare to pre-industrial working hours?
12 to 16 hours per day, six days a week
How did the invention of the cotton gin significantly impact the cotton industry during the Industrial Revolution, and what were its social implications?
improved the separation of the seeds and fibers
What is the basic principle behind how a steam engine works?
Steam pressure pushes a piston inside a cylinder, creating mechanical force that can be used to power machinery.
How did the introduction of the power loom change the textile industry during the Industrial Revolution?
It allowed for significantly increased production of cloth, leading to cheaper prices and mass production
What were Abraham Lincoln's chief goals in the American Civil War?
save the Union, slavery or not.
How did the introduction of machinery change the nature of work for factory laborers, and what were some of the negative impacts on their health and safety?
Machinery accidents could lead to burns, arm and leg injuries, amputation of fingers and limbs, and death.
What was the "domestic system" or "putting-out system" in the context of textile production, and how did it function before the rise of factories?
a pre-industrial method of textile production where a merchant would distribute raw materials like wool or flax to rural households who would then process it into finished cloth at home using hand tools like spinning wheels and looms, before returning the completed product to the merchant for sale
What was one of the primary applications of early steam engines, especially in the early stages of their development?
Pumping water out of flooded mines.
Explain the impact of the development of the railroads on trade and transportation during the Industrial Revolution
Railroads allowed for faster and more efficient movement of goods over long distances, boosting trade and economic growth
Who won the American Civil War?
The Union
Why were children often employed in factories during the Industrial Revolution, and what were the social and ethical concerns surrounding child labor?
They were working long hours, for little pay, in unsafe working conditions, not permitting them to be children and getting an education.
Explain how the increased demand for cotton during the Industrial Revolution led to the expansion of cotton plantations in the American South, and what were the labor practices involved?
primarily due to the invention of the cotton gin which made cotton production significantly more profitable, leading to the reliance on a brutal system of slave labor to cultivate and harvest the crop on large plantations across the Deep South
What key component in a steam engine converts the linear motion of the piston into rotational power?
A connecting rod and crank mechanism
Who were some key inventors during the Industrial Revolution, and what were their major contributions to technological advancements?
James Watt (steam engine), Eli Whitney (cotton gin), Samuel Morse (telegraph)
What was the significance of the Battle of Gettysburg?
marking the end of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's most ambitious attempt to invade the North and essentially halting the Confederacy's offensive capabilities, leading to a significant shift in momentum towards the Union victory
What were the common grievances that led to labor unrest and the development of early labor movements during the Industrial Revolution?
extremely long working hours, low wages, unsafe working conditions, child labor, repetitive and monotonous tasks, lack of worker rights, and limited bargaining power with employers
Explain how the increased demand for cotton during the Industrial Revolution led to the expansion of cotton plantations in the American South, and what were the labor practices involved?
primarily relying on the brutal labor system of chattel slavery
How did the steam engine contribute to the Industrial Revolution?
By providing a powerful and reliable source of energy that enabled the mass production of goods in factories, leading to significant economic growth.
How did the concept of the assembly line, pioneered by Henry Ford, revolutionize manufacturing practices?
It allowed for rapid mass production of goods by breaking down tasks into smaller, repetitive steps, significantly increasing efficiency.
What role did new transportation technologies like railroads, developed during the Industrial Revolution, play in troop movement and logistics during the Civil War?
allowing for the rapid and efficient transport of large numbers of soldiers and supplies across vast distances.
How did the factory system impact the living conditions of workers, particularly in terms of urbanization and overcrowding in industrial towns?
The new factories created job opportunities and living in the urban areas changed as more people left the rural area to live in the cities.
How did the transition from the domestic system to factory production in the cotton industry affect the lives of workers, particularly women and children?
forcing them into long hours of repetitive, often dangerous work in poor conditions for low wages, with little control over their labor, and often separated from their families due to the need to work in centralized factories