Key Figures
Who created/ improved the steam engine?
James Watt
Invented by James Hargreaves, allowed one person to spin multiple threads at once.
Spinning Jenny
The Industrial Revolution caused a major shift in population from rural areas to cities, a process known as this.
What is urbanization?
This natural resource was abundant in Britain and fueled early industrial machines.
What is coal?
These paved roads, developed by engineers like John McAdam, improved overland travel in Britain.
Turnpikes
Who created the cotton gin?
Eli Whitney
Henry Bessemer developed this process to make steel production faster and cheaper.
The Bessemer Process
The rise of factories led to this new social class, often working long hours in poor conditions.
What is the working class
This pre-industrial domestic system of production involved work done at home, especially in textiles.
What is the cottage industry (or putting-out system)?
This invention by George Stephenson revolutionized land transport and became a symbol of industrial progress.
What is the steam locomotive?
Co-Writer of the Communist Manifesto and promoted capitalism?
Karl Marx
A communication system that used dots and dashes.
Telegraph
This movement emerged as a response to poor working conditions and aimed to unite workers to demand better wages and rights.
What is the labor union movement?
This agricultural transformation increased food production, freeing up labor for industrial work.
What is the Agricultural Revolution?
This waterway, often man-made, was crucial for transporting heavy goods before railroads dominated.
What is a canal?
Known as the Father of the American Factory System he brought British textile secrets to the U.S.
Samuel Slater
Providing an extended Source of man made light.
Light bulb
The Industrial Revolution increased demand for raw materials, contributing to this 19th-century European global expansion.
What is imperialism?
Britain's investment in transportation infrastructure like roads, canals, and later railways was part of this broader economic system.
What is capitalism
The completion of this railway in 1830 connected Liverpool and Manchester, proving the commercial viability of rail transport.
What is the Liverpool and Manchester Railway?
What did Adam Smith do?
Wrote the Wealth of Nations and promoted capitalism?
Steam powered machine helped remove water from mines and power factories.
Steam Engine
This 19th-century ideology, developed in response to industrial inequality, called for collective ownership of the means of production.
What is socialism?
This global network expanded in the 17th and 18th centuries, providing Britain with raw materials like cotton and markets for manufactured goods, helping set the stage for industrialization.
What is the triangular trade
The steam engine also transformed maritime transport, leading to the creation of these vessels that could travel upriver and across oceans without relying on wind.
What are steamships