The Spark of Industry
When AND where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Around 1760 in Great Britain.
What is James Watt's importance to the steam engine?
He improved it by making it more efficient. He did NOT invent it.
What did doctors claim would happen to humans at 30km/h?
Bodies would disintegrate, brains would melt.
What is a union?
A group of workers who join together to bargain for better pay and safety.
What is listed as the turning point of the rise of CO2 emissions?
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a change from what to what?
A change from manpower/animal power to machine power.
How did William Blake describe the English countryside during the Industrial Revolution?
Dark Satanic Mills
Who is George Stephenson?
The inventor of The Rocket.
Who are the fathers of Capitalism and Socialism respectively?
Capitalism: Adam Smith
Socialism: Karl Marx
What is the Great Stink AND when did it occur?
The smell of human and industrial waste in the River Thames was so bad that the British Parliament had to shut down. 1858.
What are the 3 M's for a revolution? To get the points, you must explain the importance of them to Britain.
Money: Britain was wealthy from trade and colonialisn.
Materials: Britain had a ton of coal mines.
Manpower: Britain had a lot of farmers looking for work.
What are Scavengers?
Children employed to crawl under moving and spinning machines to pick up loose cotton.
How did ships change travel?
The ocean was no longer a barrier. It turned the Atlantic into a bridge.
Name and describe the 3 "weapons" used by unions.
Strike: everyone stops working, the factory makes no money.
Picket: blocking the entrance to stop others from working.
Boycott: refusing to buy the companies products.
For the legacy of the Industrial Revolution, what was the big change?
Age of Coal to the Digital Age
What was the enclosure movement AND how did it impact the revolution?
The Enclosure Movement was the process of changing land ownership from communal to private. This impacted the revolution because a lot of farmers lost their land and had to move into cities to find work.
What were 4 new laws that came out of the Factory Act 1833 for children?
Children under 9 years old were not able to work.
Children 9-13 years old could “only work 8 hours a day.
Children 13-18 years old could “only” work 12 hours a day.
Children were required to have 2 hours of schooling per day.
What pushed for standardized time and why?
The railway system because there was too much chaos and they wanted to avoid crashes.
Name and describe the 3 "weapons" used by owners.
Blacklist: A list of "troublemakers" shared between owners so they can't get jobs elsewhere.
Lockout: Owners close the factory to starve workers into submission.
Scabs: Hiring desperate workers to replace strikers.
Define the Anthroposcene.
A new geological age where human activity is the dominant influence on climate and the environment.
What did Jethro Hull create and why was it necessary for the Industrial Revolution?
The Seed Drill. It provided a surplus of food, freed up labour, and increased that population that supplied the manpower for the factories.
Compare and contrast the Cottage and Factory Systems - you must include: location, method, workers, speed, and schedule.
Cottage:
- location: home
- method: by hand
- speed: slow production but items were unique
- schedule: natural rhythm (sunlight, seasons)
Factory:
- location: large buildings (factories)
- method: machines
- workers: hundreds working for a boss
- speed: mass production - cheaper items
- schedule: clock/factory whistle
Who came up with time zones?
Sir Sanford Fleming
Define BOTH Capitalism and Socialism. How are they different?
Capitalism: An economic system where trade, industry, and the "means of production" are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the government.
Socialism: A theory that the "means of production" (factories, mines) should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole to ensure fair distribution of wealth.
The difference: capitalism focuses on the wealth being given to one person whereas socialism splits the wealth among citizens.
What aspects of the Industrial Revolution have continued into our modern era? List and explain 2.
Answers will vary.