Why Britain?
This natural resource was especially abundant in Britain and helped power the Industrial Revolution.
What is coal?
This farming method innovated productivity by maintaining soil fertility.
What is the four-crop rotation (or Dutch rotation)?
The process that describes the movement of peoples to the cities from the countryside
What is urbanisation?
James Watt’s improvement to this machine helped power factories, trains, and ships.
What is the steam engine?
This group of workers protested against machines taking their jobs by smashing factory equipment.
Who were the Luddites?
This economic system, based on private ownership and profit, encouraged investment in industry.
What is capitalism?
He invented the seed drill, improving planting efficiency.
Who is Jethro Tull?
A new innovation that improved overland transport from 1707
What are Turnpike Trusts?
This invention used water power to spin cotton and was one of the earliest machines in textile factories.
What is the water frame?
This movement demanded political reforms including universal male suffrage and secret ballots.
Who were the Chartists?
Britain's colonial empire played this role in the Industrial Revolution.
What is providing raw materials and markets for goods?
This practice consolidated land into large farms, increasing productivity but displacing small farmers.
What is enclosure?
Children were employed in factories for this reason.
What is they were cheap labor and could fit into small spaces?
This invention enabled faster and widespread transport of goods and people across Britain.
What is the locomotive?
These groups advocated for better working conditions for workers
What are trade unions?
This aspect of Britain's government encouraged industrial growth.
What is political stability?
This British agronomist promoted the use of turnips as a key rotational crop to restore soil nutrients and improve livestock feed.
Who is Charles "Turnip" Townshend?
A key piece of legislation from 1842 that made laws about work conditions for specific groups
What is the Miners Act 1842?
This innovation allowed iron to be produced more efficiently and cheaply.
What is the blast furnace or Bessemer process?
A notable protest that challenged poor wages and health concerns and was able to effect meaningful change for workers in 1888
What was the 'Matchgirls; Strike'
OR
What was the Bryant & May strike
This aspect of British society in the 18th century helped fund, and therefore drive, the Industrial Revolution.
What is the wealthy middle class>
OR
What are entrepreneurs?
This farming technique increased the size and productivity of animals.
What is selective breeding?
This disease spread rapidly in overcrowded cities due to poor sanitation.
What is cholera?
This machine revolutionized textile production by spinning multiple threads at once.
What is the Spinning Jenny?
This reformer created model communities and believed in improving workers' lives through education and fair treatment.
Who is Robert Owen?