Agricultural Revolution
This movement fenced off common lands into private property.
What is the enclosure movement?
The three factors of production are land, labor, and this.
What is capital?
Before industrialization, cloth production was done in homes under this system.
What is the cottage industry?
This process of replacing human labor with machines is called this.
What is mechanization?
These water routes connected rivers and improved trade.
What are canals?
This system brought workers together in one place for wage labor.
What is the factory system?
This economist argued that economies work best when individuals act in their own self-interest with little government interference.
Who is Adam Smith?
This invention by Jethro Tull planted seeds in straight rows.
What is the seed drill?
This factor includes natural resources like coal and iron.
What is land?
This invention by John Kay sped up weaving.
What is the flying shuttle?
This American invented the cotton gin in 1793.
Who is Eli Whitney?
This inventor created the first successful steamboat, the Clermont.
Who is Robert Fulton?
Workers were paid based on hours worked under this system.
What is the wage system?
This thinker believed population growth would outpace food supply, leading to poverty and famine.
Who is Thomas Malthus?
This farming method involved planting different crops each year to restore soil nutrients.
What is crop rotation?
This factor increased due to population growth and migration to cities.
What is labor?
This machine spun multiple threads at once.
What is the spinning jenny?
This machine improved by James Watt became the main power source for factories.
What is the steam engine?
This engineer developed the steam locomotive.
Who is George Stephenson?
These groups were often hired because they worked for lower wages.
Who are women and children?
This economist developed the “iron law of wages,” arguing that wages would remain at subsistence level.
Who is David Ricardo?
These workers often lost land due to enclosure and moved to cities.
Who are small farmers?
Great Britain’s rivers and harbors helped with this economic activity.
What is trade?
This inventor used waterpower to run spinning machines and helped create factories.
Who is Richard Arkwright?
This process made steel cheaper and stronger in the 1850s.
What is the Bessemer Process?
This communication system used dots and dashes.
What is Morse code?
These overcrowded, unsanitary housing units were common in cities.
What are tenements?
This theorist argued that history is driven by class struggle between the bourgeoisie and proletariat and called for a workers’ revolution.
Who is Karl Marx?
This was a major effect of the Agricultural Revolution that helped industrialization.
What is creating a large urban labor force?
This country had the ideal combination of factors of production to start industrialization.
What is Great Britain?
This invention allowed one worker to weave as much as 200 people.
What is the power loom?
This unintended effect of the cotton gin increased in the southern United States.
What is the expansion of slavery?
This invention allowed messages to travel at the speed of electricity.
What is the telegraph?
This new social group gained wealth and influence during industrialization.
What is the middle class?
These worker organizations collected dues, supported strikes, and negotiated for better wages and conditions through collective bargaining.
What are labor unions?