Fart Operatically
What is a cottage industry?
goods made in the home
Name three examples of key inventions from the Industrial Revolution
Answers vary, but could include:
Spinning Jenny, Water Frame, cotton gin, seed drill, Watt steam engine, automatic loom, railroads, steam ships, internal combustion engine, kerosene, petroleum, telephone, Mr. Karnitz's vests, Dr. Loomis's sense of humor
What is a monopoly?
A company that controls a whole industry and is able to eliminate all competition.
You may not pass Go. You may not collect $200.
Give examples of reforms advocated by labor unions in the late 19th century
voting rights
safer working conditions
no child labor
What were tenements?
shoddy apartment buildings often owned by the factory owners
The First Industrial Revolution started in the _________ industry in England around 1760, whereas the Second Industrial Revolution focused more on ________ industries in the mid 1800s.
Textile
Steel (could also mention chemicals, precision machinery, and electronics)
Why was France delayed in Industrialization?
Dude, they were in the middle of a Revolution. Like, people were getting their heads cut off. Priorities, man.
Japan restored the power of their emperor in 1868 and began a series of reforms including building railroads, modernizing their military, and establishing equality before the law.
What is the name of this key movement.
the Meiji Restoration
Who are the proletariat and the bourgoisie?
Proletariat: working class in either the mines or factories
Bourgoisie: middle class and investors who owned the factories (i.e. "means of production")
What is the difference between "blue" and "white" collar workers
Blue collar: factory workers, farmers, proletariat
White collar: office workers, service workers, bourgoisie
How did the colonialism help stir the Industrial Revolution?
The colonies helped by providing markets for manufactured goods as well as providing more natural resources such as new crops.
Both Russia and the United States capitalized on new available technologies to improve transportation across their respective countries.
What did they build?
giant railroads
Transcontinental Railroad in the United States
Trans-Siberian Railroad in Russia
What is the relationship between the Industrial Revolution and consumerism.
The I.R. brought new material wealth to Britain, U.S., Germany, and France. The increase in production led to an increase in the use of advertising. This advertising encouraged more buying and a culture of consumption.
Name one of the two main reform movements in China in the 19th century.
Hundred Days reform and the Self-Strengthening Movement
What famous work was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels?
Cinderella.
Just kidding,
Its the Communist Manifesto.
Name three features that Britain had that allowed them to industrialize.
(In other words, why Britain and not other places?)
Answers vary, but key features include:
Multiple seaways and rivers that allow for easy transportation
Access to coal
Resources from British colonies and former colonies
Strong Fleets
Protection of personal property (Adam Smith and capitalism)
Growing population and access to labor
For the United States, besides access to coal and natural resources, what key advantage did it have in industrialization?
Access to human capital (e.g. immigrant labor)
Who was Commodore Matthew Perry?
U.S. naval commander who brought ships to Japan to "convince" it to open for trade with America.
His visit eventually led to the Meiji Restoration
What was Tanzimat?
Reforms by Ottoman sultans to modernize the empire by:
Rooting out corruption
Secularizing schools
Updating the laws to make them more European
How was utilitarianism a reaction to industrialization and capitalism?
Utilitarianism challenged the idea that it is always good to focus on individual economic freedom (e.g. capitalism). It advocated for focusing on the collective good.
Explain how the enclosure movement led to urbanization in the early Industrial Revolution in England
The long answer:
In pre-Industrial England, there was a push to make farming more efficient to feed a larger population.
Farmland was being consolidated and worked on with more machines and fewer laborers by closing off farms that used to be communally owned (i.e. the Commons).
One farmer could more effectively utilize machinery and fertilizers.
This means that we didn’t need as many farmers in Britain.
How did the British impact the iron industry in India in the 19th century?
British EIC controlled portions of India until 1858. After that, it was ruled by the raj.
After rebellions against the British in 1857, the British strictly limited Indian iron works.
This severely limited Indian mining operations and made the region reliant on foreign industry.
Who was Muhammad Ali?
the Ottoman governor of Egypt that led a reform movement to industrialize Egypt and modernize it. He brought new schools, improved the cotton industry, modernized the military, but also nationalized much of the land.
No, he was not the boxer.
What do the Japanese samurai and Empress Dowager Cixi have in common?
Both represent conservative resistance to reform movements in their countries (Japan and China)
What is the Bessemer process?
A new method for making steel that allowed producers to make longer steel beams.
It's what allows you to make railroads and steel skyscrapers.