INVENTIONS & INNOVATORS
This early engine pumped water from mines and paved the way for steam power.
What is the Newcomen Engine?
Crowded factory towns grew rapidly during the Industrial Revolution.
What is urbanization?
This luxury textile from India was considered the world’s finest fabric.
What is Dhaka muslin?
Workers who destroyed machines that threatened their jobs were called this.
Who are the Luddites?
One positive effect of industrialization was increased production and _____.
What is productivity?
He improved the steam engine with a rotary mechanism that powered factories.
Who is James Watt?
Children as young as five worked long hours in this type of environment.
What are textile mills?
This company reshaped Indian cotton production for British industrial needs.
What is the British East India Company (BEIC)?
What was the Luddites’ main concern?
Machines would replace skilled labor and lower wages.
One major negative effect of early factory work was unsafe _____ conditions.
What are labor / working conditions?
This machine allowed one worker to spin many threads at once, increasing textile output.
What is the Spinning Jenny?
Name one major hardship families faced in industrial cities.
overcrowding, disease, unsafe work, long hours, poor sanitation
Mechanized British textiles caused the decline of handmade industries in which region?
What is South Asia / Bengal / India?
Factory owners and governments responded to resistance with this.
Harsh punishments / military force / anti-machine laws.
This term refers to economic systems driven by private ownership and profit.
What is capitalism?
What invention transformed transportation by carrying huge freight loads on rails?
What is the steam locomotive?
This 1833 law was one of the first to limit child labor.
What is the Factory Act of 1833?
According to 100 Objects, what powered the global demand for cotton?
Steam-powered textile mills.
Name one modern job threatened by automation today.
drivers, warehouse workers, cashiers, data processors
According to 100 Objects, steam power “changed the rhythms of work” by doing this.
Enabling continuous motion / factory time discipline.
This innovation allowed mass production using identical components.
What are interchangeable parts?
According to Liberty’s Dawn, what did working-class memoirs reveal about family life?
Strong family bonds and resilience despite hardship.
Dhaka muslin production declined due to both British policies and this technological factor.
What is mechanization / inability to industrially reproduce ultra-fine weaving?
What core similarity exists between 1800s mechanization and modern AI?
Both replace human labor and raise concerns about inequality.
From Dhaka muslin to AI, what is one recurring “cost of progress” for workers?
Job displacement / loss of traditional skills / exploitation.