Causes of the Industrial Revolution in England
Which natural resource was crucial for powering steam engines during the Industrial Revolution?
Coal
What were the working conditions in factories during the Industrial Revolution typically like?
Dangerous, unregulated, low wages, child labor
What is the belief that government/people should own and control production, as promoted by Karl Marx?
Communism/marxism
Name one thing you use on a daily basis that would not exist without the Industrial Revolution
Multiple answers
What were Marx’s major criticisms of industrial capitalism?
Multiple answers
What major agricultural advancement/movement contributed to the Industrial Revolution?
The Agricultural Revolution
What were the new social classes which arose during this period as a result of urbanization and industrialization?
Aristocrasy remained, rise of upper, middle, and lower-middle class, rise of laboring class
What economic theory emphasizes free markets, individual ownership, and entrepreneurship, developed by Adam Smith?
Laissez-Faire Economics/liberalism/capitalism
What were some environmental effects of the Industrial Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution contributed to pollution, deforestation, and changes in land use, impacting ecosystems and public health.
What was the Sadler report and why was it significant?
Parliamentary report exposing negative conditions of child workers, led to public outrage and eventually reforms like the Factory Act of 1833
Multiple answers: Ex --> Less incentive, less political stability, geographic factors, less access to coal, etc.
How did the Industrial Revolution change the role of women in the workforce?
it led to more women working in factories
How did the Industrial Revolution influence the rise of labor unions?
it led workers to organize for better wages and working conditions
Was the industrial revolution overall a positive or negative change to the world? Explain your answer:
Support your answer
What is one major difference between the upper-middle and lower-middle classes?
Upper middle class was more wealthy, more powerful, women did not work outside of the home
How did the enclosure movement impact rural populations in England?
What is it displaced many farmers, pushing them to cities for work?
What was the significance of the Factory Act of 1833?
It aimed to improve working conditions and limit child labor
What is one key difference between communism and socialism?
Multiple acceptable answers:
-private property, how it would be achieved, role of gov, etc.
How did the Industrial Revolution influence global trade?
The Industrial Revolution expanded global trade by increasing production capacity, leading to a higher demand for raw materials and markets for manufactured goods.
Luddites were mainly against what? Why were they against this?
Against mechanization of textile industry because they thought it would replace workers/lead to lower pay
What role did Britain's colonial Empire play in the causes of the Industrial Revolution?
Britain's colonies provided raw materials and captive markets for manufactured goods
Describe the impact of industrialization on urbanization in England.
it caused rapid growth of cities as people moved for jobs, growth of new social classes, poor living conditions in cramped laboring class areas
Socialism was likely most popular among which social class of the 19th century?
the Laboring class
CHALLENGE!! How did the Industrial Revolution in Europe lead to Imperialism in the late 1800s?
Britain was first to industrialize partially due to their role as an imperialist power, later, Britain (and other industrialized European powers) used their wealth and tech from the I.R. to help them take new colonies and grow into imperial powers
Was the outcome of industrialization beneficial for the British aristocracy?
No, while they remained wealthy, their power declined as the upper middle class rose in wealth/power