Inventions
Who invented the steam engine that powered machines in factories?
James Watt
During which century did steam transportation significantly improve?
19th Century
How long was the typical workday for factory workers during the Industrial Revolution?
12 hours a day
Before the Industrial Revolution, where did most people live?
Farms
What term describes the centralized workplace where workers make goods together?
factory system
What invention did Elias Howe create in 1846 that revolutionized clothing production?
Sewing Machine
What advancement in transportation was critical for the movement of goods during the Industrial Revolution?
Trains
What was a common consequence for workers who were injured or sick during that time?
What major shift happened to the population as factories grew?
people moved to cities
What is the term for the development of industries for large-scale goods production?
Industrialization
What communication device did Alexander Graham Bell invent in 1876?
Telephone
What was the primary purpose of the telegraph invented by Samuel Morse in 1844?
Long-Distance Communication
What did workers begin to demand for better working conditions?
Unions and regulations
What change occurred regarding the work of women and children in factories?
They were paid less than men for the same work.
What is the economic system called where private businesses operate in competition?
free enterprise
What machine invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 rapidly cleaned cotton fibers?
Cotton Gin
What was the first Continental Railroad finished in 1868 primarily used for?
Transport goods and people
What was a significant change in working hours from then to now?
8-hour workday compared to 12 hours
What was the living condition of families who moved to cities during the Industrial Revolution?
crowded, often in one-room apartments
What is the name for the practice of paying workers less, especially women and children?
Child labor
What significant advancement allowed factories to stay open longer by using electric lights?
Electricity
How did steam power change the location of factories?
Factories could now be built anywhere, not just near water sources.
What hazardous conditions did workers face in mines and factories?
unsafe facilities with poor lighting and fire hazards?
What law was passed in 1938 to improve labor conditions?
the Fair Labor Standards Act
What term refers to exclusive rights over an invention?
Patent