Industrial Revolution I
What country was the first to industrialize?
Great Britain
People start moving into cities in a process called___________.
Urbanization
This natural resource, in ample supply in England powered steam engines.
What is coal?
In the Second Industrial Revolution, __________ replaced iron (metal source)
Steel
Henry Ford used the assembly line to create this affordable mode of transportation
What is the Model T / Automobile / Car
The Industrial Revolution resulted in a transformation due to advances in manufacturing, transforming England from rural to a(n)_____ lifestyle/society.
Urban
A production method in which workers repeatedly perform the same task in the manufacturing process.
What is the division of labor?
What is the textile industry?
In the Second Industrial Revolution,____replaced coal to power vehicles and create electricity
Oil/Gasoline (Internal Combustion engine)
This person developed the idea of capitalism and explained market forces like supply and demand as the "Invisible hand" that sets prices, wages, and costs in the economy
Who is Adam Smith?
Name two causes that allowed Great Britain to industrialize
Lots of Resources
Population Increase
Avoided Wars
Free Market, etc.
This group of workers was in high demand because they were considered to be easily controlled and worked for even lower wages than men. The industrial revolution offered this group new economic opportunities, but they still carried the bulk of domestic responsibilities as well.
Who are women?
The money used to invest in a business or technology.
What is capital?
True or false: Under the factory system, workers own the means of production.
False
One type of socialism believed it was important to stop the inequalities of capitalism, end the struggle between the bourgeoisie (middle class) & the (working class), and create a classless society. This is called____________.
Communism
Name two negative effects of industrialization.
Pollution, crime, disease, over crowding, tenements, poor living conditions, poor sanitation
List two of the poor working and living conditions that many suffered moving into cities and working in factories.
Long Hours; Low Wages; Dangerous Working Conditions, Child Labor, etc.
This law passed by English Parliament transferred public lands into private ownership and forced small farmers to abandon their farms and seek jobs in the city.
What is the Enclosure Act?
Who co-authored a book where he shared his thoughts on a classless society with Frederick Engles?
Karl Marx
Bonus: What was the name of the book?
People eventually began to take action based off socialist theories to organize and promote reform. List any two things they did.
Strike, collective bargaining, slaves fought for freedom; Women fight for equality; Education for Children
The emergence of the _____________, or new middle class (separate from nobles and poor), creates an upper middle class of factory owners and business men/women and a lower class made up of ________________________.
Bourgeoisie; Industrial Working Class
List the four factors needed to industrialize.
Land, Labor, Capital, and Entrepreneurship
The Factory Acts, were passed in the early 1800's and outlawed this common practice.
What is child labor?
Eventually, the people start to organize themselves and formed socialist political parties and unions to improve working conditions. One of these ideas was based off____________, or the idea of “equality for all people.”
Socialism
The Second Industrial Revolution brought reform & changes to improve society in areas such as environment, education, women, leisure, science and culture. List two specific things that changed/improved during this time.
Universal Education; Leisure-Activities; Amusement Parks; City Governments provide health reform; Morals and Values of Hard Work; Higher Wages and Lower Prices; Women Movement (Ex.. Demanding Voting Rights, etc.)
Bonus: What two types of literary and artistic movements were born during this time? Describe each.