General Info
What was the Industrial Revolution?
increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18th-century.
Which of the following was the first area to undergo major industrialization?
textile production
One effect of industrialization in the United States in the late 19th century was:
Increase in Urbanization
[NOT ON TEST] Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved on Thomas Newcomen's 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his own steam engine in 1776, which was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world. Who is this man?
James Watt
City building and the movement of people to the cities is called:
Urbanization
What country was the first to industrialize?
Great Britain
What impact did technological advances have on industry?
Production of goods was increased.
All of the following were results of the agricultural revolution in Britain: (3 Answers)
food prices decreased, population increased, the average size of farms increased. (number of farmers did NOT increase)
Which famous economist proposed that workers should unite to overthrow the capitalist class and implement communism in his book Communist Manifesto:
Karl Marx
What was the main cause of the process of urbanization that occurred in 19th-century Britain and elsewhere in Western Europe?
Industrialization
[NOT ON TEST] One of the first new types of transportation after the invention of the steam engine, used in the Industrial Revolution.
Trains
[NOT ON TEST] Every country that industrialized early had what available?
Materials/Resources
Eventual negative aspects of industrialization include all of the following EXCEPT:
Increased production of goods (negative: overcrowded cities, dangerous working conditions, child labor)
[NOT ON TEST] Man who invented the cotton gin and revolutionized cotton farming.
Eli Whitney
What statement best describes communism?
a social/political/economic system that attempts to reduce all inequality by creating a more equal distribution of all government controlled resources.
[NOT ON TEST] Machine invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785 and is used to create textiles quickly, accredited with starting the Industrial Revolution.
Power Loom
The social change brought about the Industrial Revolution was evident in the:
emergence of the middle class and working class
The Agricultural Revolution created a change in Great Britain society. Among those changes were: (3 Answers)
Increased food supplies, population increase, and migration of farmers to cities.
[NOT ON TEST] Man who took the secrets of weaving machinery and brought it over to the USA, creating the first factory in the United States.
Samuel Slater
What statement best describes capitalism?
a social/political/economic system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the government.
What caused the major move from rural to urban areas?
The Industrial Revolution encouraged people to pursue jobs in the cities.
[NOT ON TEST] Why were railroads the biggest driver of American industrial growth?
Railroads provided a reliable and efficient means of transporting raw materials to factories and finished goods to markets.
In what way did the Agricultural Revolution pave the way for the Industrial Revolution? (3 Answers)
It led to population growth, It increased food supplies, It caused farmers to lose land and seek other work.
Who defended the free-market system of capitalism in the book, The Wealth of Nations?
Adam Smith
With regard to economics, what does the term "laissez faire" mean?
"hands off"; no government interference