Pre-Industrial Britain
Before the Industrial Revolution, most people lived in these kinds of areas.
rural areas, small villages
Britain's empire gave it access to cheap resources like this, used in making textiles.
cotton
This system allowed wealthy landowners to fence off common land.
The Enclosure Act
This was the most common form of overland transport before railways.
the horse-drawn cart
This machine, invented by John Kay, sped up weaving.
the flying shuttle
This system involved rotating fields to preserve soil nutrients. One field was left fallow.
the three-field system
This trade triangle involved slaves, raw materials, and manufactured goods.
the transatlantic trade
Improved agricultural methods led to this, freeing workers to move to cities.
Surplus labour / redundancy / rural unemployment
This network of man-made waterways helped transport heavy goods.
Canals
This spinning machine, invented by James Hargreaves, could spin multiple threads.
Spinning Jenny
Most production before the revolution took place in this type of industry, based in homes.
cottage industry
This south-Asian country was colonised by Britain
India
This machine, invented by Jethro Tull, improved seed planting.
Seed drill
This invention by George Stephenson revolutionized land transport.
Steam locomotive (answer must include STEAM to be correct)
This invention, powered by water, improved thread strength.
Water frame
In the 18th century, this energy source was still the most common for heating and cooking.
wood
Colonies provided not just raw materials, but also this kind of labor.
cheap and/or slave
Crop rotation helped increase productivity and reduce this.
Soil exhaustion
Improved roads were made using this method, developed by John McAdam.
macadam method - layers of crushed stone compacted to create a durable and smooth surface
The spinning mule combined the features of the spinning jenny and the water frame. Who invented it?
Samuel Crompton
This demographic change helped fuel the demand for more goods in Britain.
population growth
This strong presence helped protect trade routes.
British Navy
Enclosure laws were passed by this institution.
Parliament
This term refers to private roads that required users to pay a fee at gates to pass, helping fund road maintenance.
turnpikes
This machine, invented by Edmund Cartwright, mechanised the process of weaving.
power loom