Key Terms
Enclosure
What is the process of consolidating land that was once farmed by peasants?
Children's payment for factory work compared to men/other workers.
What is 1/10th?
This major change caused people to move from farms to crowded cities to work in factories.
What is urbanization?
Adam Smith's philosophy
What is capitalism?
The "normal" age for children to begin working.
What is 6 or 7 years old?
Putting-out system
What is a system where work was done in individual homes, also called the cottage industry?
These 2 groups often worked in factories because they were easy to control.
Who are women & children?
These two new social classes emerged as factories expanded and industrial jobs increased.
What are the middle class and the working class?
Karl Marx's philosophy
What is communism?
"Poor" areas of cities with no running water, crowded rooms divided into apartments.
What are tenements?
Turnpike
What is a private road built by entrepreneurs where travelers paid a toll?
The amount of time of a typical shift. ____ to ___ hours
What is 12 to 16 hours?
This group lived in clean neighborhoods with running water, while the working class lived in crowded tenements.
Who is the middle class?
Robert Owen's philosophy
What is socialism?
The name of the "laissez faire" economic system
What is capitalism?
Eli Whitney
Who is an inventor of the cotton gin who revolutionized cotton production?
What is 50% or half?
The "Haves"
Who were the business owners?
"bourgeoisie"
Adam Smith's major publication.
What is The Wealth of Nations?
What is Britain?
Anesthetic
What is a drug that prevents pain during surgery?
This was a major reason families allowed children to work in factories instead of attending school.
What was poverty / the need for money?
The "Have-nots"
Who were the workers?
"proletariat"
Karl Marx's major publication.
What is the Communist Manifesto?
Philosopher who felt poverty issues could be solved if the working class stopped having children.
Who is Thomas Malthus?