Industrial Revolution

Causes

100

How did changes in agriculture make the revolution possible?

Agriculture was beginning to become a big part of why the revolution started, more and more inventions were being created every day that could do twice the amount of work an average human could do, which results in many people losing a job and machines taking over.

200

What role did population increase have in causing the revolution?

Population had a big part in the revolution with so many people moving in there was a much higher demand for more goods which meant that more goods needed to be made much faster and factories had to be processing much more every day.

300

From where did the raw materials and capital for revolution come?

Britain imported their raw materials mostly from certain parts of Asia like China and from India and other parts of North America. The capital for the revolution came from the wealthy entrepeneurs.

400

How did inventions help start the Revolution?

There were also inventions that help start the revolution such as the flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, Crompton’s mule, steam engine and the steam powered train. All these inventions had factories running much more quickly and one person after another was losing their jobs to these new inventions.

500

List all the 7 factors of why the Industrial Revolution started in Britain and explain each factor.

1. Enclosure Movement- Prior to the Industrial Revolution, farmers used the Cottage Industry. However, this changed to a factory system because the workers working in the farms lost their jobs due to inventions taking over their jobs. 2. Britain had natural advantages: - large deposits of coal and iron - naviable rivers -natural ports - temperate climate 3. Medical Advances resulted in: - higher birth/lower death rates a. growing labor pool b. larger domestic market for manufactured goods. 4. The much needed capital for the Revolution was provided by wealthy entrepeneurs. 5. Improvements in agriculture provided the growing population with food. - crop rotation - fertilizers - better equipment - better breeding practices 6. Foreign Trade - allows access to raw materials - colonies provide another market for manufactured goods 7. Britain was free from invasion and domesic unrest.

Industrialization

100

Name one of the changes that took place in the iron industry.

1. In 1709, Abraham Darby developed a technique of smelting iron with coke that supplied larger volume of iron. However this process was not efficient because the use of coke required much stronger flow of air through the furnace. 2. Then in 1784, Henry Cort’s “puddling” process was introduced. Using a steam engine, it rolled the pig iron to increase the quantity of wrought iron.

200

Why was the steam engine so important?

Steam power was used for almost all iron production. Iron was extremely useful to Britain because there were so many machineries. With steam engines, large amounts of iron could be produced. Even with steam engine’s power, railways were created, combining coal, iron and steam in the 19th century.

300

Why were all the changes in the Industrialization so important?

With the inventions made in industrial revolution, it led to even more inventions. In fact, the revolution is still continuing today. It greatly affected the way people lived in a better way. Whatever they do or think in some way, it all deals with the effects of the Industrial Revolution. It opened a new door to the people in Britain and the rest of the world today.

400

How was transportation changed drastically?

Transportation changed drastically with the development of roads, canals and railways. They helped to lower the costs of transporting raw materials. Railways transported goods much faster and cheaper as well and exporting and importing goods was not a problem anymore.

500

What changes took place in the textile industry?

Demand for cloth grew and the solution was to use machineries. - In 1733 John Kay invented Flying Shuttle - In 1768 James Hargreaves invented Spinning Jenny - In 1769 Sir Richard Arkwright invented the water frame - Samuel Crompton invented the Mule - In 1785 Edmund Cartwright invented the Power Loom

Social effects

100

Name one change that came about in the working coniditions?

Factory Act in 1833, this begin setting limits for hours worked by children and in 1847 this law effected everyone.

200

Name three of the urban areas living coniditons?

1. Back-to-back terrace housing 2. Waste was disposed into the streets 3. Polluted drinking water

300

What were the working conditions of women and childeren like?

Childern were beaten, abused, paid close to nothing and worked for very long hours. Women were paid half the amount of men, worked long hours as well.

400

How did standards of living improve?

- Workers gathered to protest about their conditions of work. - Agricultural techniques were improved, providing a better crop and better access to good food. - Textiles were produced in factories, so people didn't have to perform the long difficult task themselves.

500

Before the Industrial Revolution, what system did the farmers use?

Cottage Industry

Conditions

100

What did the Factory Acts and reform labour laws change? (List 4)

No child workers under nine years of age Employers must have an age certificate for their child workers Children of 9-13 years to work no more than nine hours a day Children of 13-18 years to work no more than 12 hours a day Children are not to work at night Two hours schooling each day for children Four factory inspectors appointed to enforce the law Women and children under 18 years of age could not work more than ten hours a day Children 8-13 years could work six half-hours a day Reduced hours for women (12) and no night work No night work for persons under the age of 21. Accidental death must be reported to a surgeon and investigated.

200

What was Chartism and the repeal of the Corn (Grain) Laws?

Chartism was a working-class movement for political reform in Britain which existed from 1838 into the 1850s and which took its name from the People's Charter of 1838. It was a national protest movement. 1.All men to have the vote over 21 years old 2. Voting should take place by secret ballot 3. Parliamentary elections every year 4. Constituencies should be of equal size 5. Members of Parliament should be paid 6. The property qualification for becoming a Member of Parliament should be abolished The Corn Laws were trade laws designed to protect cereal producers in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland against competition from less expensive foreign imports between 1815 and 1846. To ensure that British landowners reaped all the financial profits from farming. The people repealed the Corn Law in 1846 for free trade.

300

What role did "laissez-faire" Liberalism and the doctrine of self-help pay?

The economic liberals who supported laissez-faire believed that free competition, without restrictions would improve economic success. The poor struggled and had to deal with using their own efforts and resources to achieve things without relying on others, this was known as “self-help”.

400

Describe socialism and, in particular, Utopian Socialism.

Socialism is a social organization of distributing and producing goods owned by the community as a whole. People referred to all socialist ideas that was a distant goal for society as utopian. Utopian socialists were like scientists who drew up designs and concepts for creating what they considered a more equal society. Utopian socialists were seen as wanting to expand the ideas of the French revolution in hopes to create a more equality society and economic system for everybody.

500

Describe the rise of unionism and the creation of the Labour Party.

Many workers were not satisfied with their working conditions, therefore some responded to it, which was forming unions. The first union formed basically on skilled people who could afford high taxes. By 1900, 2 million people were part of the union. Political solutions to social and economic problems failed until the workers received the Reform Acts of 1867 and 1884, giving them the right to vote. So, Labour party was formed to be involved in politics. The first one was the Independent Labour Party, which formed in 1893.

Random

100

What is a revolution?

A forcible overthrow of a government or a social order in favor of a new system.

200

When did the Industrial Revolution start and end?

1750-1850

300

Who invented the Cotton Gin?

Eli Whitney

400

In what year did Sir Richard Arkwright invent the water frame?

1769

500

What were the important achievements of this revolution for Britain and the rest of the world?

The inventions for the textile industry, the changes in Labour Laws were crucial to Britain and the rest of the world because these achievements were the start of a newly developed world. People's ideas began to change and so did their views towards the world.