Spread of industrial revolution
They gained advantages in military power, economic influence, expansion of colonies, and shifts in the global balance of power. It helped them because they were able to support their larger armies and they now had the power to pursue imperial ambitions.
What was the mines act?
It prohibited women and children from working in coal mines
How were women treated and how were they affected by feminism?
They were treated unequally and had less rights than men, reseaving lower wages, and harsh working conditions.
Feminism inspired later generations to advocated for gender equality and women's rights.
What was work life like for workers, women and children?
long hours, low wages and workers, women and children endured grueling labor in poorly ventilated factories and mines, leading to widespread health issues and injuries
What cash crops contributed to the profitability of industries such as textiles and sugar refining? (Hint: The profits generated from enslaved labor)
Cotton and Sugar
What Government and private investors implemented policies to promote industrialization?
Continental Europe and United States
What was the impact of the labor law movements? Give to examples.
It advocated for the passage of labor laws and social unions, they helped to mobilize works, raise awareness, and protect workers rights.
The factory Act & The mines act
What was Marx's theory?
His theory was that history is driven by class struggle between the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and the proletariat (working class)
What were the consequences of urban/industrialization in the environment?
Deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution posed significant environmental challenges, impacting agricultural productivity and public health
What leading innovations were invented that increased agricultural productivity?
the seed drill, crop rotation, and selective breeding
Why did Great Britain serve as a epicenter for the industrial revolution?
with advancements in machinery, manufacturing processes, and energy sources such as coal and steam power.
How was social welfare introduced and what did it help with?
It was introduced by British Government and it provided assistance to vulnerable populations.
Who was Robert Owen and what kind of influence did he have on the industrial revolution?
He was a Welsh social reformer and advocated for socialism. He established cooperative communities and influenced later social movements based on equality.
Why was the population growing not always considered a good thing?
The migration of workers from rural areas to industrial cities in search of employment led to overcrowded and unsanitary living conditions in urban slums and workers often lived in cramped tenements with inadequate sanitation, leading to the spread of diseases such as cholera and typhoid.
What did the great abundance of coal provide for Britain?
a cost-effective and reliable energy source,availability of coal also spurred technological innovations in mining, as well as transportation
How did the development of industrialization transform the political landscape?
By reshaping economic relations, social structures and power dynamics between nations
What influence did the reform movements have?
It advocated for labor unions, social reforms, and helped shape government policies. Established the foundation of modern welfare state.
How did capitalism rise and how was it criticized?
It rose due to the industrial revolution and characterized private ownership of factories and production.
People said that it exploited workers and led to poverty and inequality and social unrest.
What were the positive effects of urbanization on population?
Improvements in public health and sanitation, more rural areas and industrial cities being built, and rapid expansion of cities creating dense populations in industrial centers such as Manchester, Birmingham, and Leeds
What advances in machinery led to the textile industries expanding?
inventions like the spinning jenny, water frame, power loom, steam engines fueled by coal and, steam-powered locomotive and steamship
What global consequences were caused by industrialization?
transformation of global trade patterns, the expansion of colonial empires, and the emergence of new centers of economic and political power
What were the major types of suffrage? Give a short summary.
Labor movement influence, the rise of labor unions and worker movements, exerted pressure on workers rights, movements pressured government to expand suffrage rights, and unions advocated for workers rights.
Emergence of political liberalism: Emphasized individual rights, representative government, and the rule of law. Reform movements, including labor unions, aligned with liberal ideals and contributed to the push for expanded suffrage.
Women Suffrage: this movement pushed for a women's right to vote and laid ground work for future political reforms
Who was Karl Marx and what influence did he have?
He was a German philosopher who analyzed social and economic dynamics. He beloved capitalism led to the exploration of workers. Marx influenced the proletarian revolution and socialist revolution, and political movements.
What types of inequality did the industrial revolution contribute too?
Wealth became concentrated in the hands of a small elite, leading to widening disparities between the rich and the poor and Factory owners and capitalists amassed fortunes while workers faced low wages, long hours, and harsh working conditions.
What were some of the factors that led to industrialization spread at an accelerating pace?
The accumulation and investment of capital in industrial enterprises fueled the expansion of factories, infrastructure, and new technologies