Industries

Type of Industries

100

Give one example of primary employment and one example of tertiary employment.

Primary = farming/fishing/mining etc.

Tertiary = teaching/banking/working in an office/driver/doctor etc.

200

Give one example of each of the following:

– manufacturing

Example of manufacturing such as:

Car assembly/iron and steel/sugar refinery/toy making/any appropriate

product, etc.

300

What is meant by the following?

Input 

Process 

Output 

Inputs: resources/things needed in order for production to take place;

• Processes: what is done to the inputs to turn them into outputs/create a product;

• Outputs: the products which are produced/what they sell;

400

Suggest reasons why the labour costs are higher in some industries than others.

Ideas such as:

• some industries are less mechanized than others or vice versa;

• cannot be completely automated;

• some jobs have to be done by hand/some jobs are more labour intensive/some

require more physical effort;

• some jobs/hand painted porcelain cannot be done by machinery/or other examples;

• some jobs are higher paid/higher salaries/highly skilled; etc.

500

Suggest reasons for the differences between the employment structure of Brazil and Nepal.

Brazil: 

Primary: 13%

Secondary: 36%

Tertiary: 52%

Nepal: 

Primary: 70%

Secondary: 10%

Tertiary: 20%

Ter(ii) Ideas such as in Brazil:

• less people work in subsistence agriculture/produce their own food;

• less mining/less raw materials/raw materials exhausted;

• there is more mechanization of farming;

• more people have education/skills for secondary/tertiary employment;

• more development of factories/services or examples of hotels (dev.)/can’t afford to

build factories in Nepal;

• more technology in Brazil;

• better developed infrastructure allow development of factories in Brazil; etc.

Influences on industries

100

What is meant by the term labour costs?

Cost of/wages for/payment for workers/cost of the work done/cost to pay the employees/staff.

200

The computer software industry is a high technology industry.

Explain what factors are considered when locating high technology industries.

Factors such as:

• labour costs;

• availability of workers;

• skills availability;

• location of universities/research establishments;

• government policy (or example);

• location of large/growing markets;

• close to motorway network;

• near to/access to airports/ports/good access for imports/exports;

• near to component manufacturers;

• near to other high tech industries/agglomeration;

• near to pleasant environment;

• large area of/flat/cheap land; etc.

300

Explain why the employment structure of a country changes as it develops.

Ideas such as:

Mechanisation/robots;

Industrialisation/building of factories;

Exhaustion of natural resources;

Skills development/improved education;

People can afford more/greater demand for services/examples;

Import of food/manufactured products so agric/manufacturing became less

important;

TNCs established in country

Etc.

400

Explain how the location of industry can be influenced by transport.

Ideas such as:

Near roads;

Near railways/railway stations;

Near ports/harbours/rivers/canals;

Near airports;

To transport raw materials/inputs/imports;

To transport finished goods/outputs/exports;

To reduce costs;

To increase speed;

Especially bulky materials(dev);

Especially perishable goods (dev)

500

Explain why manufacturing industries remain important in some areas even though the original advantages of those locations no longer exist.

Ideas such as:

Geographical/industrial inertia;

There is a skilled labour force;

The area has a reputation;

There are training establishments located in the area;

Cost of relocation may be excessive

Government policy or example;