What's your paradigm?
Social science
Required by all organizations receiving federal funds.
Institutional Review Board
What are the four types of communication data?
Text, observation, self-report, other-reports.
Name the five warrants
Validity, precision, power, reliability, parsimony
Thick description is...
a detailed explanation of a social setting and the lived experiences of people.
Work exclusively with research questions.
Interpretivists.
What are the two approaches with participant privacy in a study? Please define both.
Confidentiality: the researcher knows the names and personal information of the participants but does not share that information with anyone else.
Anonymity: the research does not know the participants names or personal information.
What are the four kinds of data forms?
Categorical: nominal, ordinal
Continuous: interval, ratio
We want want to ensure the right method and measurement...simply.
Parsimony. Which is a combination of power and precision.
Incentives for participation are...
paid or unpaid ways to encourage people to participate in studies.
Focuses on dynamics of power and oppression at the macro or micro-levels.
Critical paradigm.
Utilitarian ethics asserts that...
one should have full freedom to conduct research as long as the benefits outweigh the potential harms of the research.
Examples include: Biological and Chemical agent experiments during WWI; Tuskegee; Stanford Prison experiment; early gynecological research.
Likert scales assume what about a proposed phenomena?
The strength and intensity is linear
Captures how well measure captures what it’s supposed to measure.
Validity
If a researcher wanted more of an isolated or individual experience with a product they should employ what methodology?
Focus group
Cyclical feedback-loop of obtaining knowledge.
Scientific method.
Full board: Some level of risk.
Expedited: No greater than minimal risk.
Exempt: Less than minimal risk.
The central limit theorem suggests that...
Assuming that observations are independent (i.e., uncorrelated), a sampling will more closely reflect the population when it is random and larger.
Define the two types of measurement error.
Systematic error: Errors in data entry; System Instrument confusion
Random ways of error: Random human differences
Collects meaningful culturally specific data that attempts to understand patterns of knowledge and behaviors.
A set of circumstances under which a theory should not operate.
The Belmont Report was created in response to a number of unethical/abusive incidents in the pursuit of scientific knowledge. The report outlines key principles regarding human subjects. Please list and define the three principles.
Respect: the rights of the participants who take part in the research.
Beneficence: the benefits of the research should outweigh the potential harms of the research.
Justice: all participants should be treated fairly.
Brutus wants to ensure that he can make generalizations from his research program. What are some ways he can from a data quality perspective "ensure" this?
(1) Choose a sample that has the same distribution of relevant characteristics as his population of interest.
(2) Choose a larger sample size (CLT)
(3) Choose members randomly (CLT)
Liz wants to account for generalizability and representativeness in her data. The sure-ness of her data is referred to as...
Participants have the maximum range of responses available in this type of qualitative methodology.
Unstructured interview