Argument Vocab
A statement used to talk about the main point of an argument that one believes is true.
What is CLAIM?
This type of Text Structure uses key/signal words such as: "characteristics, for example, to show"
What is DESCRIPTION?
Which Rhetorical Appeal is this statement (Ethos, Pathos, or Logos):
“As Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense.”
What is ETHOS?
It presents to us the authority of the person being spoken to.
This is the main point an author wants readers to understand about a text.
What is CENTRAL/MAIN IDEA?
Roosevelt says December 7th is “a date which will live in infamy.”
What is PERSONIFICATION?
Date is not a human and yet "lives" as if it were a person
"Details used to support a claim"
What are REASONS?
Roosevelt first describes the peaceful relationship with Japan and then explains what happened when Japan attacked. This organization follows what general pattern?
What is CHRONOLOGICAL/SEQUENCE?
Which Rhetorical Appeal is this statement (Ethos, Pathos, or Logos):
“I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost.”
What is PATHOS?
It tells us of the feeling of grief and sadness when speaking about the memory of all lives lost.
President Roosevelt's speech is primarily about this major event involving the United States and Japan.
What is the attack on Pearl Harbor / the Japanese attack on the United States?
“the facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves”
What is PERSONIFICATION?
Facts is not a human yet is given the human ability to "speak"
Proof or an example to backup and support a detail used to make a claim
What is EVIDENCE?
A text describes a dangerous situation and then explains what someone should or will do about it.
What is PROBLEM and SOLUTION?
Which Rhetorical Appeal is this statement (Ethos, Pathos, or Logos):
“this form of treachery shall never again endanger us.”
What is PATHOS?
It tells us of the feeling of hurt or anger due to the betrayal of Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor.
If a text is mainly about a major attack on the United States, “a major attack on the United States” is an example of the text's what?
What is the TOPIC?
Roosevelt says the American people will “win through to absolute victory.” This is an example of what type of figurative expression?
What is an IDIOM?
The phrase "win through to absolute victory" does not literally mean to forcefully win your way through every battle until you declare victory." It is saying "we will overcome every obstacle until we win."
"Sarah likes to paint, so she must like arts and crafts."
This is an example of what type of argumentative reasoning?
What is INDUCTIVE?
It uses a specific fact, "Sarah likes to paint", to come to a general conclusion that "she must also like all arts and crafts" then.
Roosevelt first describes the attack and its consequences, then explains what the United States will do in response. This creates which relationship between ideas?
What is CAUSE and EFFECT?
Which Rhetorical Appeal is this statement (Ethos, Pathos, or Logos):
“the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago.”
What is LOGOS?
It tells us of the logic and common sense used to find out that the attack must have been planned long ago because of how far Japan had to travel to send the attack.
Roosevelt gives details about Japan's attacks on several places. These details support the idea that Japan's actions were this rather than an isolated event.
What is an OFFENSIVE?
Roosevelt describes the Japanese attack as an “onslaught.” This word literally suggests a powerful attack or constant assault. What effect does this word choice have on the audience?
What is IMAGERY?
It creates a picture of the aggressive, violent attack that led to Pearl Harbor's destruction.
"Bob likes to play contact sports, so he must like Football or Rugby."
This is an example of what type of argumentative reasoning?
What is DEDUCTIVE?
It uses a general fact about liking contact sports to make a specific claim that Bob would like a specific sport like Football or Rugby.
This type of Text Structure uses key/signal words such as: "however, on the other hand, or similarly"
What is COMPARE and CONTRAST?
Which Rhetorical Appeal is this statement (Ethos, Pathos, or Logos):
“Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area.”
What is LOGOS?
The statement gives us a declaration of truth by saying "Therefore"
A detail that is used to support a reason, but is not necessarily the main idea.
What is a SUPPORTING DETAIL?
Roosevelt says, “With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph.”
Identify atleast one figurative language and explain why?
What is HYPERBOLE? (Exaggerates the "unlimited" amount of determination to gain an "inevitable" or guaranteed triumph before it happens.
What is IMAGERY? (Produces an image and sense of feeling for how confident and determined Roosevelt is in his speech.)