Development
Helps children explore new ideas, ways of self-expression, and learn new emotions.
What is sensory play
This type of attachment provides a strong foundation for infants to explore their environment and engage in social learning.
What is secure attachment?
This refers to the emotional states that infants first display, such as positive attraction to pleasant stimuli and withdrawal from unpleasant stimuli, and is thought to be tied to cognitive and social development.
What are the two primary emotional expressions observed in infants during the first few months of life?
By around 9 months, infants begin to show this behavior, which involves alternating gaze between an object and a caregiver to confirm the shared focus of attention.
What is social referencing?
This term refers to an individual’s consistent way of reacting and adapting to the world, which is believed to be influenced by genetics and is evident early in life
What is "temperament"?
These three factors were found to be significantly associated with social-emotional development in very preterm infants at 2 years of age.
What are motor performance, externalising behaviours, and maternal parenting stress?
Lasts from birth to 6 weeks; characterised by random attachment.
What is Pre-attachment Phase
This term refers to the infant's ability to recognise and respond to others' emotions, which typically begins developing by 6 months of age.
What is emotional contagion?
This type of social behavior, emerging around 6 months of age, involves babies turning their heads toward their caregiver’s voice or gaze, signalling early social engagement.
What is joint attention?
This temperament type is characterised by children who are cheerful, have a regular sleep and eating schedule, and adapt easily to new situations.
What is "Easy"
According to who, what is 4 to 5 times more commonly to develop in boys than girls.
What is Autism Society of Canada, and autism spectrum disorder?
Occurs from 6 weeks to 6 months; characterised by preference for familiar figures.
What is Attachment in the Making Phase
At around 8 to 12 months, infants begin to show signs of distress when separated from their primary caregiver, a behavior known as this.
What is separation anxiety?
This phenomenon occurs when a caregiver's reaction to a child's difficult behavior, such as implementing a stricter schedule, may actually intensify the child's difficult temperament.
What is "a poor match between the parent's response and the child's behavior"?
This theory suggests that gaze following develops because of an infant's growing motivation to engage with others.
What is the social-first perspective?
Occurs from 6 months to 7 months and lasts until 18 months to 24 months; characterized by dependance on the primary caregiver.
What is Clear-cut Attachment Phase
What is it called when using another person's reaction to a situation to form one's own response.
What is Social Referencing
This temperament type is described as having irregular sleep and feeding patterns, being slow to accept new people and situations, and responding to frustration with crying and tantrums.
What is "Difficult"
This tool was used to compare social-emotional development in very preterm infants to term infants at 2 years of age.
What is the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development – Social Emotional Scale?
The infant shows little or no distress when their caregiver leaves and plays without any worry.
What is Avoidant attachment
At what age do infants start using their caregivers, facial expressions or tone of voice to figure out how to respond.
What is 6 months?
According to Bird, Resse, and Tripp (2006), understanding the correlation between a child's behavior and temperament can help parents adjust their behavior and attitudes, potentially improving the child's behavior.
What is "realizing the behavior and temperament correlation"?