Principles and Infant/Toddler Education
To set an example by performing behaviors, actions, and interactive styles that others observe and imitate.
What is modeling?
An organized pattern of physical growth and motor control that proceeds from head to foot.
What is cephalocaudal?
Techniques, such as thumb sucking, that infants may use to calm themselves, to settle their emotional state, which may be inborn. The ability to calm oneself without relying solely on others.
What is self-calming techniques/devices?
Gathering information, organizing it, and finally using it to further one's understanding and know one's world.
What is cognitive experience?
The language a child takes in and understands.
What is receptive language?
The right amount of stress-that is, enough to energize and motivate the child toward activity, including problem solving, but not so much to hamper or inhibit the child's ability to act or solve a problem.
What is optimum stress?
An organized pattern of physical growth and motor control that proceeds from the center of the body outward.
What is proximodistal?
The process of using another person's emotional reaction to a situation as a basis for deciding one's own reaction.
What is social referencing?
The understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of direct perception or sight.
What is object permanence?
The result of the process of refining sounds and messages received during the first 12 months; it culminates in the clear expression of the first word(s).
What is expressive language?
Name the "Three Rs" that define the type of relationship the textbook aims at.
What is respectful, responsive and reciprocal?
Automatic or involuntary response system to touch, light, sound, and other forms of stimulation.
What are reflexes?
The ability to overcome adversity within one's development and continue to develop in a functionally adaptive manner.
What is resiliency?
The gap between a child's current performance and his or her potential performance if helped by a more competent child or adult.
What is the Zone of Proximal Development?
The speedy (and sometimes not very precise) process of acquiring vocabulary by connecting a new word with an underlying concept after only a brief encounter.
What is fast mapping?
A structure of support provided by adults at an appropriate level to help children increase their competence at a given task or interaction.
A special kind of nerve cell that reacts the same when an animal acts and when that animal observes another animal acting. Implications point to current research on early attachment, movement, language, and social congition.
What are mirror neurons?
An overall personality style based in genetic origin that develops within a social context.
What is temperament?
The coordination of sensory perception and muscle movement marked as the beginning of thinking. The first stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
What is the sensorimotor stage?
Distress an infant exhibits when faced with unfamiliar adults; typical onset between 8-10 months.
What is stranger anxiety?
Name one of the 10 Principles Based on a Philosophy of Respect.
10 Principles on pg 5-6
The two categories of motor skills organized by muscle movements.
What is large/gross motor and small/fine motor skills?
The theory of responding to and respecting young children's basic needs which sets the stage for them to coordinate their own sense of self-direction and self-regulation.
What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
Marked by symbolic thought, where language and ability to pretend begin to appear, starting at around 2 years of age and lasting until about 7 years of age. The second stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
What is the preoperational stage?
Distress an infant exhibits when their primary attachment figure leaves their presence; typical onset is 10-12 months.
What is separation anxiety?