Types of Trauma and/or Stress
Is necessary and promotes resilience, or the ability to function competently under threat. Arises from brief, mild to moderate stressful experiences, buffered by the presence of a caring adult who can help the child cope with the stressor
Positive stress
In 1975, Selma Fraiberg, a clinical social worker and child psychoanalyst, introduced this metaphor “ghosts in the nursery.” This concept refers to the relationship between a parent's early, often harsh or traumatic experiences of the way they were raised and their own parenting style
Ghosts in the nursery
A framework of thinking directed by a thorough understanding of the effects trauma has on an individual—recognizing a person's needs for safety, connections, and ways to manage emotions/impulses.
Trauma-informed care
Ann Masten says resilience typically arises from the operation of normal rather than extraordinary human capabilities, relationships, and resources. In other words, resilience emerges from this...
Ordinary magic
Safety, Trustworthiness & transparency, Peer support, Collaboration & mutuality, Empowerment & choice and Cultural, historical & gender issues.
Six Guiding Principles of trauma-informed (or responsive) care
Comes from adverse experiences more intense in nature however short-lived and can usually be overcome. Some examples are family disruptions, accidents or a death of a loved one. Are tolerable when managed the correct way.
Tolerable stress
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) this as resulting from “an event, series of events, or set of circumstances that is experienced by an individual as physically or emotionally harmful or life threatening and that has lasting adverse effects on the individual’s functioning and mental, physical, social, emotional, or spiritual well-being.”
Trauma
Care and practices that take trauma-informed care to another level—being responsive to the individual as a whole—focusing on the fact that trauma is only a part of who they are.
trauma-responsive care
Three categorizations of a baby and toddlers within-child protective factors
initiative, attachment and self-regulation
Realization about trauma and how it can affect people and groups, recognizing the signs of trauma, having a system which can respond to trauma, and resisting re-traumatization.
Four R's of trauma-informed care
Can occur when experiences are long in duration and intensity. Babies need caring and responsive adults to help them because it is difficult for young children to handle this type of stress on their own. This type of prolonged stress may lead to adverse effects such as permanent emotional or developmental damage.
toxic stress
The coming together of traumatic stress, secondary traumatic stress, and cumulative stress/burnout in the lives of helping professionals and other care professionals.
Compassion fatigue
Characteristics, conditions, or events that promote healthy development and minimize the risk or likelihood a person will experience a particular illness or event, or its related negative outcomes
Just as trauma exists within systems so does these protective factors. these are three types of protective factors. There "places" to look for protective factors to help mitigate the risk of trauma.
within-child, familial/family and environmental
A special type of work-related stress—a state of physical or emotional exhaustion that also involves a sense of reduced accomplishment and loss of personal identity.
Burnout
Negative influences, situations, and characteristics that contribute to the probability that an individual will have difficulty coping with life.
Risk factors
Resilience research indicates this is the strongest protective factor for a baby or toddler
at least one relationship with a caring, prosocial, responsive adult
A fixed characteristic or attribute or personality trait, Something with which we are all inherently “born”, About pushing through or soldiering on…
What resilience is not
Is the emotional duress that results when an individual hears about the firsthand trauma experiences of another. Its symptoms mimic those of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).”
Secondary traumatic stress
Stressful or traumatic events, including abuse and neglect. They may also include household dysfunction, such as witnessing domestic violence or growing up with family members who have substance use disorders.”
ACEs- Adverse Childhood Experiences
"A child is most likely to reach her full potential if she experiences consistent, predictable, enriched, and stimulating interactions in a context of attentive and nurturing relationships.”
Bruce Perry
The conclusion that resilience is made of ordinary rather than extraordinary processes offers a more positive outlook on human development and adaptation, as well as direction for policy and practice aimed at enhancing the development of children at risk for problems and psychopathology.
Ann Masten