Antiviral
What is the most common secondary bacterial infection after influenza?
Pneumonia
How is Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmitted?
Airborne
What PPE do you need?
What is the mechanism of action of amphotericin B?
Binds to sterols in fungal cell walls, creating pores and causing cell leakage
What enzyme does rifampin inhibit to suppress bacterial growth?
RNA polymerase
What type of bacteria does vancomycin primarily treat?
Gram-positive bacteria
Within how many days of symptom onset must Paxlovid be started?
Within 5 days of symptom onset
What is the difference between latent and active TB?
Latent TB: no symptoms and not contagious.
Active TB: symptomatic and contagious.
What electrolyte imbalance is common with amphotericin B?
Hypokalemia
Why should patients taking rifampin avoid oral contraceptives?
Rifampin reduces the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
Why should tetracyclines not be given to young children or pregnant women?
They can cause tooth discoloration and affect bone growth.
What lab value must be checked before administering remdesivir related to kidney function?
GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate), BUN and Creatinine
What is the mechanism of action of isoniazid (INH)?
Inhibits mycobacterial cell wall synthesis by interfering with lipid, RNA, and DNA synthesis
How should nystatin oral suspension be administered?
“Swish and swallow” after shaking
hold in mouth before swallowing
What lab values should be monitored when a patient is on long-term antibiotic therapy?
CBC, renal function (BUN/creatinine), and liver function tests.
What serious adverse effect is associated with aminoglycosides?
Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
Why is it difficult to create a single vaccine for Hepatitis C?
Because Hepatitis C has multiple genetic types (genotypes).
What vitamin deficiency–related complication is common with isoniazid?
Peripheral neuropathy (Vitamin B6 deficiency-related)
What is the mechanism of action of azole antifungals?
Inhibit ergosterol synthesis, disrupting fungal cell membrane integrity.
Why should patients avoid alcohol when taking certain antibiotics like rifampin or metronidazole?
Increased risk of liver toxicity and adverse reactions.
What is the mechanism of action of penicillins?
Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis.
What serious dermatologic reaction can occur with oseltamivir?
Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Why must liver function tests be monitored in patients taking INH?
INH can cause hepatotoxicity and liver failure
What patient teaching is important when applying topical nystatin?
Clean the area, apply a thin layer, and avoid tight/restrictive clothing to keep the area dry.
What serious adverse effect is associated with aminoglycosides?
Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
What is a common GI side effect seen with many antibiotics?
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea