Infectious Agents
These are microorganisms normally living in or on the body, many harmless, some helpful.
What are microflora?
What does “-itis” indicate?
Inflammation
Gram-positive bacteria differ from gram-negative bacteria because of this cell wall feature.
Thick peptidoglycan layer
Prototype penicillin.
What is ampicillin?
Penicillins’ most common adverse reactions involve this system
Gastrointestinal system
This infectious agent is a small modified protein that causes CNS degeneration
What are prions?
Infections that occur due to weakened immunity, like PCP in AIDS.
What are opportunistic infections?
These toxins are released when bacterial cell walls break down, causing fever and inflammation
What are endotoxins?
This cephalosporin generation can penetrate inflamed meninges to treat meningitis.
Third generation
The risk of tendon rupture is associated with this antibiotic class.
Fluoroquinolones
Name the four main types of infectious agents.
Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites
Put these stages of infection in order: Convalescent, Prodromal, Resolution, Incubation, Acute.
Incubation, Prodromal, Acute, Convalescent, Resolution
Name one intrinsic mechanism of antibiotic resistance.
Inactivating antibiotic, modifying target, altering metabolism, changing cell wall, or efflux pumps
Carbapenems like imipenem are contraindicated in patients with severe reactions to this drug class.
Penicillin
Rapid IV infusion of vancomycin can cause this syndrome.
Red Man Syndrome
Tuberculosis is caused by this aerobic bacillus.
What is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
The presence of bacteria in the blood that can cause shock
What is septicemia?
Name one acquired mechanism of antibiotic resistance.
Gene transfer, transfer mutations, or selective pressure
Aminoglycosides act by binding to ribosomal subunits, disrupting this bacterial process
Protein synthesis
Linezolid is contraindicated with SSRIs due to the risk of this life-threatening condition.
Serotonin syndrome
Systemic mycotic infections such as histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis are caused by this group of organisms.
What are fungi?
This serology immunoglobulin rises during the acute phase of infection.
What is IgM?
This test determines the lowest concentration of an antibiotic needed to inhibit bacterial growth.
What is MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration)?
This drug is the only monobactam and is safe in patients with penicillin allergy
Aztreonam
Aminoglycosides have two major toxicities affecting these organ systems.
Kidneys and ears (nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity)