stop
This means free of all microorganisms
Sterile
What are small, living organisms that are not visible to the naked eye?
microorganisms or microbes
What type of infection occurs when someone is immunocompromised and give an example of someone who is immunocompromised.
Opportunistic
AIDS, steroid use, chemotherapy, age
These are unicellular organisms that are often found in decaying materials
Protozoa
What 2 ways are bacteria classified
shape and arrangement
Bacteria that naturally live on our skin or in our GI tract (example is e-coli in the large intestine)
What is it called when a surface/area has organisms and pathogens present?
contaminated
What are standard precautions?
Precautions taken with every patient (help bring the chain of infection)
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic organisms?
Aerobic require oxygen to live
Anaerobic do not require oxygen to live
Give 4 examples of viruses.
(answers will vary)
ex) hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, measles, mumps, chicken pox, influenza.
Give 4 examples of bacteria.
(answers will vary)
E. Colli, Staph, Strep, Listeria, TB, Salmonella, Meningitis
How do viruses reproduce?
They need to reproduce inside a living cell (attach to the RNA or DNA) and can spread from human to human through blood or other body secretions
How should you dispose of biohazard waste.
In a container with a biohazard symbol. It should be rigid and leak-proof.
PPE stand for this and give 3 examples.
Personal protective equipment
gloves, gowns, goggles, face shields, lab coats
What 2 things do you do if you are stuck by a needle?
Wash the area
Report to your supervisor/employee health
What is it called when you use microorganisms as a weapon to infect humans, animals, or plants? What do we call the microorganisms that are considered ideal for this?
bioterrorism
biological agent
What 3 factors do most microorganisms need for growth?
food, moisture, warm environment (dark)
What are 3 ways you can help prevent the spread of disease?
handwashing, good personal hygiene, use PPE as appropriate (gloves), thoroughly cleaning the environment, stay home when you are sick
What shape are bacilli? and Cocci?
Bacilli (rod-shaped)
Cocci (round)
Name 2 of the 3 ways the books discusses that pathogens cause disease.
Produce toxins/poisons
Allergic reactions
Attack the living cells then invade
What is the difference between aseptic, sterile, and disinfected.
Aseptic: technique to break the chain of infection through the absence of disease producing microorganisms.
Sterile: Free from all organisms
Disinfected: process of reducing the number of microorganisms present to a level at which they do not present a risk
List the 4 classifications of infections (diseases) and explain each.
Endogenous: infections/diseases that originate inside the body
Exogenous: Infection/disease that originates outside the body
Nosocomial: acquired by an individual in a health care facility.
Opportunistic: infections that occur when the body's defenses are weak
List the 6 parts of the chain of infection.
Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host.
Name 4 of the 6 microorganisms discussed in this chapter.
Bacteria, Protozoa, Fungi, Rickettsiae, viruses, and helminths
What are the 4 types of isolation?
droplet, airborne, contact, reverse (protective)