Infection basics
What are the 6 links in the Chain of Infection?
What are Pathogen, Reservoir, Portal of Exit, Mode of Transmission, Portal of Entry, Susceptible Host?
What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation?
What are heat, redness, swelling, and pain?
This is the first line of defense in the immune system
What is innate immunity?
What does WBC stand for?
What is the most effective way to prevent infections?
What is hand hygiene?
Name two populations most at risk for infections
Who are the very young and the elderly?
This term describes long-term inflammation that leads to tissue damage
What is chronic inflammation?
Name one example of passive acquired immunity
What is antibodies from breast milk or immune globulin therapy?
Name two imaging tests used to diagnose infections
What are xrays and MRI?
Name two primary interventions for reducing inflammation
What are NSAIDs and the RICE method (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)?
What type of infection occurs when normal flora become harmful?
What is an opportunistic infection?
Which type of blood cell is the first responder in acute inflammation?
What is a neutrophil?
An exaggerated immune response is also known as this
What is hypersensitivity?
This test measures how quickly red blood cells settle and is a marker for inflammation.
What is ESR?
This type of immunity is gained through vaccines.
What is active acquired immunity?
This is a common diagnostic blood test that looks at white blood cell levels
What is a CBC (Complete Blood Count)?
Name two causes of inflammation besides infection.
What are mechanical trauma, chemical irritants, thermal burns, or radiation?
This autoimmune disease attacks joints and causes inflammation
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
What is the main test used to determine the type of bacteria in an infection?
What is a culture and sensitivity test?
What are two lifestyle habits that help strengthen the immune system?
What are regular exercise and a balanced diet?
What are the three serious consequences of uncontrolled infection?
What are septic shock, organ failure, and death?
What are the five steps of an acute inflammatory response?
What are tissue injury, vasodilation, increased permeability, immune response, and healing?
Name two types of diagnostic tests used for immune disorders
What are CRP (C-reactive protein) and ANA (Antinuclear Antibody Test)?
Which immune test can detect autoimmune diseases like lupus?
What is the ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) test?
What are two ways healthcare workers can prevent hospital-acquired infections (HAIs)?
What are proper hand hygiene and using personal protective equipment (PPE)?