Epidemiology & Basics
This term describes the number of new cases of a disease occurring in a specific time period.
What is incidence?
These organisms cause disease by entering the body and secreting toxins or multiplying inside cells.
➡What are bacteria?
An infection that has recently increased in incidence or threatens to do so is called this.
What is an emerging infection?
This term describes how many organisms an antibiotic is effective against.
What is spectrum?
Nearly how many hospitalized patients have at least one HAI?
What is 1 in 25?
This term refers to the total number of people with a disease at a given time.
What is prevalence?
These infectious agents lack cellular structure and must use a host cell to reproduce.
What are viruses?
Diseases transmitted from animals to humans fall under this category.
What is zoonosis?
Antibiotics that kill bacteria directly are classified as this type.
What are bactericidal agents?
These infections are associated with central venous catheters.
➡️ What are CLABSIs?
This level of disease occurrence represents the expected baseline rate in a population.
What is endemic?
Cocci-shaped bacteria include these two common clinical examples.
What are Staphylococcus and Streptococcus?
This viral illness spreads via respiratory droplets and may be transmitted by asymptomatic individuals.
What is COVID-19?
This nursing action is essential before starting antibiotic therapy.
What is obtaining cultures?
This type of precaution is required for patients with tuberculosis.
What are airborne precautions?
A pandemic differs from an epidemic primarily because it involves this factor.
What is widespread geographic spread?
his type of pathogen consists of abnormally shaped proteins and often affects the nervous system.
What are prions?
Low vaccination rates have contributed to the reemergence of these infections.
What are measles, pertussis, and diphtheria?
This occurs when antibiotics eliminate normal flora, allowing other organisms to overgrow.
What is a superinfection?
This organization mandates employer policies to protect workers from infectious exposure.
What is OSHA?
Epidemiology is most useful to nurses because it helps guide prevention strategies and this additional factor.
What is early detection and resource allocation?
What is early detection and resource allocation?
This protozoan disease is transmitted by mosquitoes and caused by Plasmodium species.
What is malaria?
This emerging infection causes severe hemorrhagic fever and has an unknown natural reservoir.
What is Ebola?
This organism is more virulent than MRSA and can survive on surfaces for weeks.
What is VRE?
This patient population has the highest rate of HAIs due to immune decline and comorbidities.
Who are older adults in long-term care facilities?