NOS
A scientist designed an experiment to determine if the life of a battery is extended when it is stored in the refrigerator. Which of the following would be a control in this experiment?
A. a battery kept at room temperature
B. a battery kept in the refrigerator
C. the amount of time the batteries last
D. the temperature in the refrigerator
A. a battery kept at room temperature
Which of the following is true about bacterial infections?
A. Bacteria always cause illness and death in humans.
B. All bacteria are harmful to the human body.
C. Some bacteria are harmless or even beneficial to humans.
D. Bacteria are unable to adapt to antibiotics.
C. Some bacteria are harmless or even beneficial to humans.
Which of the following is an example of a fungus?
A. A dog
B. A mushroom
C. A fish
D. A flower
B. A mushroom
Which statement describes a parasite?
A. A parasite kills its host immediately.
B. A parasite lives on or in a host and causes harm over time.
C. A parasite provides nutrients to its host.
D. A parasite is always a microscopic organism.
B. A parasite lives on or in a host and causes harm over time.
Which statement correctly describes how viruses reproduce?
A. Viruses divide through binary fission like bacteria.
B. Viruses reproduce by using the host cell's machinery to make copies of themselves.
C. Viruses reproduce by consuming energy from host tissues.
D. Viruses create spores that grow into new viruses.
B. Viruses reproduce by using the host cell's machinery to make copies of themselves.
Studies regarding a certain species of finch in the Galápagos Islands have revealed that the birds in the population all have slightly different sized beaks. Large beaks are better for cracking large dry seeds, and smaller beaks are superior for picking up small seeds that are abundant during wet periods. According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, what could logically be predicted about the average beak size in the finch population during a decade of drought?
A. beak size would not change
B. beak size would increase
C. beak size would decrease
D. there is no way to predict beak size from the data provided
B. beak size would increase
Analyze how bacterial infections are treated differently from viral infections.
A. Both infections are treated with antibiotics.
B. Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics, while viral infections often require vaccines or antiviral medications.
C. Viral infections heal faster without treatment.
D. Both can be cured with over-the-counter drugs.
B. Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics, while viral infections often require vaccines or antiviral medications.
All of the following are correct, except:
A. Antibiotics will kill both bacteria and fungi.
B. Both bacteria and fungi can be spread through the air and through touching infected surfaces.
C. Both fungi and bacteria can cause flu-like symptoms.
D. Both fungi and bacteria can be treated with prescribed medicines.
A. Antibiotics will kill both bacteria and fungi.
How are parasites different from predators?
A. Parasites kill prey instantly, while predators do not.
B. Parasites live on or inside hosts without killing them immediately.
C. Parasites consume all of their host’s body.
D. Parasites only feed on plants.
B. Parasites live on or inside hosts without killing them immediately.
Analyze why antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections.
A. Antibiotics are too weak to affect viruses.
B. Viruses lack the cellular structures antibiotics target.
C. Viruses are resistant to all chemicals.
D. Viruses cannot survive without bacteria.
B. Viruses lack the cellular structures antibiotics target.
Botanists are biologists who specialize in studying plants. What is the best method a botanist could use to study the effect of air pollution on the growth rate of corn plants?
A. measure the height of corn plants on a clear day and again on a day when pollution is high
B. survey farmers for their opinion about the effect of pollution on the growth rate of corn
C. compare the growth rate of corn plants in a polluted area to the growth rate of other types of plants in the area
D. conduct a controlled experiment, exposing some corn plants to pollution and others to clean air
D. conduct a controlled experiment, exposing some corn plants to pollution and others to clean air
How do antibiotics work to treat bacterial infections?
A. They destroy bacterial cells by disrupting cell wall formation.
B. They block viral replication in the host's cells.
C. They stop the immune system from detecting bacteria.
D. They neutralize toxins produced by bacteria.
A. They destroy bacterial cells by disrupting cell wall formation.
Which of the following is a human health issue caused by fungi?
A. Athlete’s foot
B. Malaria
C. Influenza
D. Tuberculosis
A. Athlete’s foot
What might happen to a population of animals if a parasitic infection spreads quickly?
A. The population would grow due to stronger immune systems.
B. The population would decrease due to illness and reduced reproduction.
C. The population would remain unaffected.
D. The parasites would evolve into bacteria.
B. The population would decrease due to illness and reduced reproduction.
Which characteristic makes viruses different from living organisms?
A. Viruses contain genetic material.
B. Viruses require a host cell to reproduce.
C. Viruses are made of cells.
D. Viruses can adapt to their environment.
B. Viruses require a host cell to reproduce.
Scientists who investigate microscopic fossils are known as micropaleontologists. Which of the following would these scientists most likely study?
A. the rocks that identify the location of ancient continents
B. the evidence of changes in the climate of ancient Earth
C. the different elevations of the surface of ancient Earth
D. the rocks that contain evidence of ancient organisms
D. the rocks that contain evidence of ancient organisms
Which of the following accurately describe bacteria as an infectious agent?
A. Bacteria, as an infectious agent, is a single-celled organism that enters the body and causes illnesses.
B. Bacteria, as an infectious agent, is a single-celled organism that lives inside the body and helps with digestion.
C. Bacteria, as an infectious agent, is a complex multicelled organism that can be avoided by washing your hands.
D. Bacteria, as an infectious agent, is a non-living object that enters the body through animal bites.
A. Bacteria, as an infectious agent, is a single-celled organism that enters the body and causes illnesses.
All of the following are correct, except:
A. Spreading fungus can occur in the air, water, or contaminated surfaces.
B. Fungal infections often start on the outside of a person's body.
C. Infections by fungus are often treated with an antifungal cream.
D. Doctors know that fungal infections only occur in one area of the body.
D. Doctors know that fungal infections only occur in one area of the body.
Which of the following organisms is considered a parasite?
A. A bird that migrates to another region
B. A tapeworm living in a mammal’s intestine
C. A tree that provides oxygen
D. A bacterium in soil
B. A tapeworm living in a mammal’s intestine
Which action would most effectively slow the spread of a viral disease?
A. Increasing the population’s exposure to the virus
B. Developing antiviral treatments that block viral replication
C. Eliminating all bacteria in the environment
D. Providing antibiotics to infected individuals
B. Developing antiviral treatments that block viral replication
Matthew considers the following choices for a Science Fair experiment. The guidelines require that Matthew conducts a controlled experiment. Which of the following would NOT make a good project?
A. To find out which pathogen is in a test tube.
B. To find out whether mold grows faster in colder temperatures.
C. To find out whether a cell’s speed is affected by the weight of the person.
D. To find out whether hydration improves student opinion about brands of water.
A. To find out which pathogen is in a test tube.
Samantha was not feeling well. She had a fever and felt nauseous. Her mother took Samantha to the doctor who prescribed an antibiotic. What kind of infectious agent did Samantha have?
A. Bacterial
B. Fungal
C. Parasitic
D. Viral
A. Bacterial
Danielle has joined the school’s volleyball team. She often forgets to wear the sandals her mother bought her to wear while she is in the locker room. One day, Danielle notices the skin on her feet sting and itchy. She thinks she may have athlete’s foot, a common ailment caused by walking across contaminated surfaces. Which of the following types of organisms are most likely the cause of Danielle’s athlete’s foot?
A. Bacteria
B. Fungus
C. Parasite
D. Virus
B. Fungus
Malaria, a type of parasite, infects 500 million people each year by infecting the red blood cells of its host. The virus, HIV, that causes AIDS, reports 50,000 newly infected persons. Which statement best differentiates parasites and viruses?
A. Although both rely on other living organisms to survive, viruses are usually beneficial.
B. Although both rely on other living organisms to survive, parasites feed on the host organism.
C. Although both are living organisms, parasites depend on the cells of living things to reproduce.
D. Although both are living organisms, viruses break down dead plants and animals that other organisms use.
B. Although both rely on other living organisms to survive, parasites feed on the host organism.
Viruses can mutate and spread rapidly. Scientists are constantly studying new vaccination methods to help combat the problem. Why are vaccines important to humans?
A. They protect us from all pathogens.
B. They provide immunity to certain diseases.
C. They increase the amount of red blood cells in our body.
D. They decrease our antibody production when we get sick.
B. They provide immunity to certain diseases.